1937 Veggies

IMPROVEMENT
OF VEGETABLE CROPS—

APPENDIX

VICTOR R. BOSWELL, Principal Horticulturist, Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, from survey data submitted by domestic and foreign investigators

The appendix to these articles on vegetable improvement consists of four tabulations of information as follows:

The data in these tabulations and summaries were obtained through a questionnaire sent to all vegetable crop research agencies in this country and to a large number in other lands. The writers of the present articles are grateful for the generous help of their fellow workers, both here and abroad, in making this compilation possible. Despite the great amount of data submitted and the generous response to our requests, it is known that these appended tables do not contain all of the data that could well be included. Some of the workers interrogated were perhaps too modest to list certain cultures as being important or of interest to others; others were admittedly too pressed by other matters to prepare a detailed list of their material and activities. But even though the data are incomplete, the reader will find clues to nearly every kind of vegetable- breeding material that is available and leads to the numerous investigators who are engaged with the hundreds of breeding and improvement problems that are receiving attention today.

The writers hoped that it would be possible to include similar tables of information relating to private work by commercial seedsmen. The immensity of the task of determining the origin of the hundreds of varieties made it impossible. A few commercial firms keep rather complete records of the parentage and dates of their introductions, but most do not. The major role that has been played by private agencies has been repeatedly referred to in these articles, and acknowledgment made to individuals and firms wherever pertinent information could be included. It should thus be clear to all that no discrimination is intended by the omission of more extensive data on commercial contributions. Unfortunately, justice cannot be done to such a task within the space available here.

Table 4—*Improved varieties and strains of vegetable crops, peanuts, and sweet corn developed and released by State and Federal research agencies*
BEAN
Station or U.S. Department of Agriculture	Crop	Variety name	Date introduced	Parents	Breeding method	Superior characters
Alabama	Bean	Alabama No. 1 (pole, snap)	1933	Unknown	Selection	Heavy yield; bears over the length of the vine and over long season; resistant to nematode.
Alabama No.2 (pole, snap)	1933	Heavy yield; mature beans keep well in the field; nematode resistant.
Connecticut (State)	Connecticut Fordhook (lima)	1935	Fordhook	Pure-line selection	High yield.
Idaho	Idaho Refugee (snap)	1934	Stringless Refugee X Corbett Refugee	Hybridization	Vigor; resistant to bean mosaic; 1 week earlier than Stringless Refugee.
Great Northern U.I. No. 81 (field)	1932	Commercial Great Northern	Pure-line selection	Productivity, uniformity; resistant to common bean mosaic.
Great Northern U.I. No. 59 (field)	1936	Larger bean than No, 81; 3 days earlier in maturity
Great Northern U. I. No. 128 (field)
Illinois	Large-Podded Henderson Bush (lima)	1935	Henderson Bush	Cross between two Henderson Bush selections	Large-Podded; early, productive under Illinois conditions.
Baby Potato Lima	1936	Selected out of Henderson Bush; probably an accidental cross.	Henderson Bush vine and earliness, with small thick potato-type beans, crowded in pods. Outyields Henderson.
Maine	Highmoor Old Fashioned Yellow Eye (field)	1928	Old Fashioned Yellow Eye	Selection	Higher yield; more uniform and attractive pattern.
Massachusetts	Waltham Scarlet (horticultural)	1935	French Horticultural	Bright scarlet broad, long pods; high yield.
Michigan	Robust (field)	1913	Navy Pea	Immune to common bean mosaic.
New York (Cornell)	Perry Marrow (field)	1918	White Marrow X Wells Red Kidney	Hybridization	Anthracnose resistant; yield.
Genesee (field)	Robust X Wells Red Kidney	Anthracnose resistant; root rot resistant.
Honeoye (field)
State (Geneva)	Geneva Red Kidney (field)	1928	Blight resistant, free from hard shell.
York Red Kidney (field)
Department [USDA]	U.S. No. 1 (snap)	1933	Wells Red Kidney X Stringless Green Refugee	Early, mosaic and drought tolerant.
U.S. No. 2 (lima)	Henderson Bush Lima	Selection	Early, matures evenly, high yield.
U.S. No. 3 (pole, snap)	1934	World Wonder	Rust resistant, stringless, Kentucky Wonder type, round podded.
U.S. No. 4 (pole, snap)	Phenomenon Pole	Rust resistant, large podded, high yield.
U.S. No. 5 (snap)	1935	U.S. No. 1 X Corbett Refugee	Hybridization	Mosaic resistant; early; longs pods; good yield; determinate growth
Virginia	32-C-4 (pole, snap)	1934	Kentucky Wonder X Brockton Pole	Hybridization and selection	Rust resistant, prolific and superior quality of pod.
17-B (pole, snap)
17-A (pole, snap)
14-A (pole, snap)	Kentucky Wonder X Horticultural Pole
11-A (pole, snap)
5-A (pole, snap)	Powell Prolific X Marblehead Pole
34-B (pole, snap)
32-B (pole, snap)	Kentucky Wonder X Marblehead Pole
Wisconsin	Refugee (snap)	Stringless Green Refugee X Corbett Refugee	Hybridization	Resistant to bean mosaic.
LEAFY CROPS
California	Spinach	California Canner 159	1929	Prickly Winter	Selection	Early, productive.
California Canner 195
Georgia	Cabbage	Cabbage-Collard	1911	BlueStem Collard X Charleston Wakefield Cabbage	Hybridization	Semiheads of good quality
Louisiana	Louisiana Copenhagen	1934	Copenhagen Market	Pure-line selection—inbreeding and intercrossing, 5 generations of selected lines	Uniformity; resistant to bolting; compact head; short, stout core; excellent quality.
Collard	Louisiana Sweet	Georgia Collard	Inbreeding	Improved uniformity; short petiole; compact rosette; more leaves. Free of purple plants. Good quality.
Maryland	Spinach	Maryland Savoy	1935	Virginia Savoy	Mass selection	Winter hardiness.
Massachusetts	Lettuce	Bel-May	1928	May King X Belmont	Hybridization	Downy, mildew resistant, good head, fast growth.
Michigan	Celery	Michigan Golden	1933	Golden Self Blanching	Single-plant selection	Resistant to celery yellows.
Curly-Leaf Easy Blanching	1926	Newark Market	Immune to celery yellows; will blanching. in cold storage; high-quality easy-blanch type.
New York (Cornell)	Cabbage	Early Danish	1925	Commercial Danish	Selection	Early; short core; good quality.
Green Sugar	1930	Red X Jersey Wakefield	Hybridization	Table quality
Purple Sugar Loaf
Magenta	1933	Danish Round Red	Selection and hybridization	New color; good quality
Early Savoy*	1934	Commercial Savoy	Selection	Uniformity
Jersey Wakefield*	1932	Commercial Jersey
Glory*	1933	Commercial Glory	Uniformity; yield
All Head Early*	1934	Commercial Succession	Uniformity; type
Succession*	Uniformity; yield
Ohio	Lettuce	Grand Rapids (Tipburn resistant)	1933	Grand Rapids	Tipburn resistant; light color; very heavy
Pennsylvania	Cabbage	Penn State Ballhead	1926	Unknown	Line selection	Uniformity of type, good keeping qualities and high yield
Department [USDA]	Lettuce	Imperial F	1930	New York X Cos	Hybridization	Immune to brown blight; shows special adaptations to certain regional and climatic conditions in the West.
Imperial 13	1932	New York X White Chavigne
Imperial 152	1934	New York X Cos X (?)
Imperial 615	New York X Cos
Imperial 847	1936
Grand Rapids U.S. No.1	Grand Rapids X Cos	Some resistance to powdery mildew; heavier, stockier plants than Grand Rapids.
Columbia No. 1	New York X Hanson	Superior heading qualities under eastern conditions. Slow to shoot to seed.
Columbia No. 2	Earlier than Columbia No. 1; adapted for spring crop in eastern United States.
Cosberg No. 1	Paris White Cos X Iceberg	Tipburn and heat resistant; high edible quality, free from bitterness.
Virginia (Truck sta.)	Kale	V.T.E.S. Scotch	Dwarf Blue Curled Scotch	Pure-line selection	More resistant to cold; more curled; retains dark green color after periods of low temperatures.
Spinach	Virginia Savoy	1920	Unnamed Manchurian variety X Bloomsdale, Viroflay, and Long Standing	Hybridization (natural) and selection	Resistant to mosaic and low temperature, Rapid growing in fall.
Old Dominion	1930	Virginia Savoy X King of Denmark	Hybridization	Similar to Virginia Savoy but slower in bolting to seed in spring.
Wisconsin (in cooperation with department)	Cabbage	Wisconsin Hollander	1916	Danish Ballhead	Mass selection	Resistant to yellows.
Wisconsin Brunswick	1917	Fottlers Brunswick
Wisconsin All Season	1920	All Seasons
Marion Market	1925	Copenhagen Market	Pure-line selection
All Head Select	All Head Early
Globe	Glory of Enkuizen
Jersey Queen	1931	Jersey Wakefield
Wisconsin Ballhead	1935	Danish Ballhead
Racine Market	Copenhagen Market
Resistant Red Hollander	1924	Red Hollander	Mass selection
PEA
Maryland	Pea	Maryland Alaska	1932	Alaska	Mass selection	Fusarium wilt resistant
Wisconsin	Badger	1921	Horsford X French June	Hybridization	Small seed, high quality, good production
Alcross	1922	Cross between two Alaska strains	Early maturity, resistant to wilt
No. 19 Alaska
Hustler	Nott’s Excelsior X Horsford	Early maturity; pitted, round
Horal	1923	Horsford X Alaska	Small seed, wrinkled, hardy, wilt resistant
Ashford	1924	Horsford selection	Pure-line selection	Short blossoming period; good quality.
Acme	1925	Horsford X French June	Hybridization	Vigor; good quality; wrinkled seed.
Primal	Alaska X Surprise	Wrinkled; high quality; vigor.
Wisconsin Early Sweet	1931	Resistant Alaska X Surprise	High quality and vigor; resistant to wilt.
Wisconsin Perfection	1933	Original cross, Arthur X Perfection, and backcrossed to Perfection	Vigor; high quality; resistant to wilt.
Wisconsin Penin	1936	Horal X Prizewinner	Large-seeded; high quality; 4 days or more earlier than Perfection in maturity; fully resistant to wilt.
TOMATO
California	Tomato	Pearson	1936	Fargo X California 55	Hybridization	Determinate vine, tough skin, intense color.
California 55	1928	Santa Clara	Inbreeding	Smooth fruit, high yield, intense color.
Georgia	Hastings Everbearing Scarlet Globe	1932	Globe X Burpee	Hybridization	Resistant to fusarium wilt and leaf diseases; tolerates hot weather and drought better than most varieties.
Illinois	Lloyd Forcing	1930	Louisiana Pink X Grand Rapids	Crossing followed by selection	Wilt-resistant greenhouse type.
Blair Forcing
Urbana Forcing	1936	Marglobe X Grand Rapids
Sureset Forcing	Urbana Forcing X Blair Forcing
Long Calyx Forcing	Lloyd Forcing X Marglobe
Illinois Pride	New Century	Selection	Wilt-resistant canning type.
Early Baltimore	Indiana Baltimore	Wilt-resistant canning type, especially adapted to high-nitrogen prairie soils.
Prairiana	Marvana	Selection out of a mutation or accidental cross
Illinois Baltimore	Indiana Baltimore	Selection	A wilt-resistant Baltimore.
Indiana	Indiana Baltimore	1919	Greater Baltimore	High yield; foliage protection, resulting in better color.
Louisiana	10-4	1936	Louisiana Pink X Walter Richards	Crossing and back-crossing; growing plants on wilt plots.	Few small seed. Resistant to wilt and somewhat resistant to early blight; pink; adaptability to Louisiana conditions.
Maryland	Maryland Canner	1928	Unknown	Selection	Solidity of flesh.
Maryland Slicer	1930	Italian Pear X Greater Baltimore	Hybridization
Hybrid No. 4	1932	Greater Baltimore X San Jose Canner
Massachusetts	Waltham Forcing	1931	Unknown	Single-plant selection	High yield, sets fruit under adverse conditions; good color.
Michigan	Michigan State Forcing	1935	Marglobe X Ailsa Craig	Hybridization	Self-pollinating, high quality, wilt resistant.
John Baer	1926	John Baer	Single-plant selection	High yield, good market and canning qualities.
Minnesota	533	1935	Viking X Bonny Best	Hybridization	Early, productive.
29-35	1936	Unnamed	Early, high color and fruit quality.
New Jersey	Rutgers	1934	Marglobe X J. T. D	Inside color ripens from center; flavor for juice.
New York (State)	Geneva John Baer	1930	John Baer	Selection	Earliness, deep red color.
Nystate	1935	Ponderosa X King Humbert	Hybridization	Earliness, large size, smooth fruit, deep red color.
North Dakota	Red River	1925	Earliana X Sunrise	Earliness, smooth form, early.
Bison	1929	Red River X Cooper Special	Early, determinate, heat resistant. Adapted to Great Plains area.
Fargo Yellow Pear	1932	Bison X Yellow Pear	Early, determinate. Adapted to Great Plains area.
Pink Heart	Bison X Ohio Red
Golden Bison	Bison X Golden Queen
Early Jumbo	1929	June Pink X Globe	Early, large size. Adapted to Great Plains area.
Farthest North	1934	Bison X Red Currant	Extreme earliness.Adapted to Great Plains area.
Ohio	Marhio	1930	Marglobe	Selection	Resistant to fusarium wilt. Scarlet-red fruit, productive.
Pennsylvania	Nittany	1922	Enormous X Yellow Pear	Hybridization	Yield and uniformity
Matchum	Hummer X Matchless
Penn State Earliana	1926	Earliana	Selection	Earliness, uniformity, yield.
Penn State	1935	Burpee Self-Pruning X Penn State Earliana	Hybridization	Earliness, shape, and uniformity of fruit and yield. Determinate foliage.
Puerto Rico	LJX-7	Louisiana Pink X native	Tolerance to bacterial wilt.
Tennessee	Tennessee Pink	----	Unknown	Mass selection	Fusarium wilt resistant
Tennessee Red	1912	Beauty
Department [USDA]	Norton	1917	Stone	Selection
Marvel	1918	Merveille de Marchés	Fusarium wilt and nailhead resistant.
Columbia	Greater Baltimore	Fusarium wilt resistant.
Arlington
Norduke	1922	Norton X Duke of York	Hybridization
Marvana	1924	Marvel X Earliana
Marvelosa	Marvel X Ponderosa	Fusarium wilt and nailhead resistant.
Marglobe	1925	Globe X Marvel
Break o' Day	1931	Marglobe X Marvana
Pritchard**	1932	Cooper Special X Marglobe	Resistant to fusarium wilt, nailhead, and cracking.
Glovel**	1935	Globe X Marvel	---------	[blank]
Washington	Seedling No.36	1930	Bonny Best X Best of All	Hybridization	Heavier producer than parents. Good shipper.
Seedling No.50	----	Heavier producer than parents.
CUCURBITS
California	Watermelon	California Klondike	1933	Klondike	Inbreeding	Uniformity, flesh color, edible quality
Long Mountain	1936	Stone Mountain	Oblong type, adapted to shipping
Striped Klondike	Striped Klondike	Uniformity, high sugar
Resistant Klondike No. 7	Iowa Belle X Klondike	Hybridization	Wilt resistant
Bush squash	Grey Zucchini No. 1	Zucchini	Inbreeding	Early, productive, small, single-stem plant
Cantaloup***	Powdery Mildew Resistant Cantaloup No. 1	1931	Resistant variety from India and several commercial varieties	Hybridization	Resistant to powdery mildew
Powdery Mildew Resistant Cantaloup No. 50	1932
Powdery Mildew Resistant Cantaloup No. 50-15	1933
Powdery Mildew Resistant Cantaloup No. 45	1935	Hale Best X unfixed variety from India	Resistant to powdery mildew, edible quality. Superior shipping qualities
Honey Dew melon	Powdery Mildew Resistant Honey Dew No. 60	1934	Unfixed variety from India X Honey Dew X Honey Ball	Resistant to powdery mildew, edible quality.
Connecticut (State)	Squash	Connecticut Straight Neck	1936	Straight Neck Inbred X Giant Summer Crook Neck	Early, productive, uniform, smooth.
Florida	African	1935	----------	Introduction	High quality and yield in Florida; some resistance to stem borers.
Watermelon	Leesburg	1936	Kleckley Sweet	Pure-line selection on wilt-infested soil	Resistant to fusarium wilt in Florida.
Iowa	Iowa King	1930	Conqueror X (?)	Hybridization	Resistant to fusarium wilt.
Iowa Belle	Conqueror X Kleckley Sweet
Pride of Muscatine	Kleckley Sweet	Selection
Squash	Des Moines	----	Des Moines	Inbreeding	Uniformity and quality
Maryland	Muskmelon	Maryland Gem	1928	Buskirk's Gem	Selection	Thick, yellow flesh, quality
Michigan	Cucumber, pickling	National Pickle	1929	Snow Pickling	Single-plant selection, massing of selfed lines	High yield, superior pickling quality
Minnesota	Squash	Kitchenette	1930	Green Hubbard	Inbreeding	Uniformity, family size
New Brighton	1932	Uniformity, large size
1.35	1935	Buttercup	Early high quality, family size, stores well
Cucumber	454.35	----------	Introduction and inbreeding	Early, productive pickling type
Watermelon	Northern Sweet	1932	----------	Early, high quality, productive
New York (State)	Cucumber	Geneva	1929	Arlington White Spine X Rochford Market	Hybridization	Parthenocarpic
North Dakota	Squash	Buttercup	----	Quality x Essex hybrid (?) (natural cross)	Inbreeding	Convenient size, high quality; easily prepared
Department [USDA]	Cantaloup^ψ
Watermelon	Conqueror	1911	Eden X Stock citron	Hybridization	Resistant to fusarium wilt
Vermont	Squash	Vermont Hubbard	----	Hubbard	Inbreeding	Improved uniformity and culinary quality
SWEET CORN
Connecticut (State)	Sweet corn	Spancross C2	1933	Spanish Gold X C2	Hybridization	First early hybrid, large ear; resistant to bacterial wilt
Spancross P39	Spanish Gold X P39	Second early, resistant, good quality.
Marcross C6	G. E. Market X C6	Very large ear; first early, resistant
Marcross C13.6	1935	C13 X C6
Marcross C13.2	C13 X C2
Marcross P39	G.E. Market X P39	Second early, very large ear, good quality, resistant
Whipcross C6.2	1933	C6 X C2	Midseason, large ear, resistant
Whipcross C7.2	C7 X C2	Midseason, large ear, narrow kernel, quality
Whipcross P39.C2	P39 X C2	Midseason, large ear, resistant to bacterial wilt
Whipcross P39	Whipple X P39	Midseason, large ear, good quality, resistant
Redgreen	1926	C78 X C77	White, good quality, sun red leaves
M. Spanish Gold	1935	Spanish Gold	Synthetic variety	Very early, parent of first early hybrid
M. G. E. Market	G. E. Market	Early, resistant to bacterial wilt
M. Whipple	Whipple	Midseason, resistant to bacterial wilt
Florida	Florida No. 191	1934	Country Gentleman, Cuban Flint, Loveless, Pope, and Stubbs	Hybridization, inbreeding, bulk crossing of inbreds and selection	Husk protection and good table quality
Suwannee Sugar	1935	Southern Snowflake ¾, Long Island Beauty ¼	Hybridization and one backcross to Snowflake, selection	Husk protection, southern plant type; good quality
Illinois	Illinois Narrow Grain Evergreen: Inbred No. 13	Narrow Grain Evergreen	Best open-pollinated strains first selected by ear-row methods, followed by inbreeding and a high degree of selection within each line, then tested out in numerous crosses.	Cross 14X13 is a high yielder available commercially in 1937.
Inbred No. 14
Country Gentleman	^α1925	Country Gentleman	Ear-row selection	Yield, uniformity, canning quality, adaptability to Illinois
Narrow Grain Evergreen	Narrow Grain
Illinois Country Gentleman	1935	Country Gentleman	Same as for Illinois Narrow Grain inbreds	Yield, uniformity, canning quality, adaptability to specific Illinois conditions
Inbred No. 1	----------
Inbred No. 3
Inbred No. 5
Inbred No. 6
Inbred No. 8
Inbred No. 9
Inbred No. 10
Inbred No. 15
9 hybrids	----	Same as for Illinois Narrow Grain inbreds
Maryland	Hopeland	1920	Stowell Evergreen X Johnson County White	Hybridization	Productivity
North Dakota	Sunshine	1924	Golden Bantam X Gill’s Early Market	Hybridization, selfing, followed by selection and close breeding but not selfed	Earliness, size, quality
Golden Gem	1928	Sunshine X Pickaninny	Extreme earliness and quality.
Popcorn	Pinkie	1935	Black Beauty X Jap Hulless	Hybridization and selection	Novelty
Texas	Sweet corn	Surcropper Sugar	1933	Country Gentleman X Surcropper	Crossing and backcrossing repeatedly to field corn parent	Earworm resistant, adapted to certain southern conditions
Honey June	Country Gentleman X Mexican June
Department [USDA] (in cooperation with Indiana station)	Golden Cross Bantam	1932	Purdue 39 X Purdue 51	Hybridization	High yield, excellent quality, resistant to bacterial wilt, uniformity of type and maturity, high production of stover.
Department (in cooperation with Puerto Rico)	USDA 34	1935	Native field corn and sweet mutation of native sweet corn	Alternate generations of selfing and backcrossing on native field corn. The final crossing was a double-top cross between 2 second-generation inbred lines and 2 ear-to-row selections	Resistant to corn stripe. Thick, tightly clasping husks. Vigorous plant, size similar to field corn. Large ears with kernels of unusual depth.
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
Ohio	Beet	Ohio Canner	1932	Detroit Dark Red	Inbreeding and sib-mating	Dark color, round shape, absence of light rings
Massachusetts	Carrot	Hutchinson	1923	Hutchinson	Mass selection	Long, smooth root; high yield
California	Onion	California Early Red, U.C. No. 1	1935	California Early Red	Inbreeding	Uniform size, shape, color, time of maturity, keeping quality
Australian Brown, U. C. No. 1	Australian Brown	Inbreeding, massing large numbers of similar unrelated lines	Flesh color, scale color, keeping quality, fertility
Colorado	Sweet Spanish, Colorado Station No. 6	1936	Sweet Spanish	Inbreeding	Yield uniformity; better storage; improved color
Texas	Peanut	McSpan	1925	Little Spanish	Pure-line selection	High yield, early maturity, high oil content
Virginia (in cooperation with Department)	Experiment Station Jumbo	1935	Jumbo	Selection	Very large pods and nuts; hard hulls
Department	Spanish 18-38	1925	Red Spanish	Superior yielding capacity
Connecticut (State)	Pepper	Windsor A	1936	California Wonder x Bountiful	Hybridization	Early, productive; thick wall
Louisiana	Baton Rouge Cayenne	1934	Best local stocks of Red Cayenne	Inbreeding	Size, uniformity, color, pungency and yield
C-2811 (not yet named)	1936	Baton Rouge Cayenne	Inbreeding and selection	Earliness, pungency; yield; resistant to defoliation by Cercospora capsici
Sport	Native Sport X Honka (Japanese variety)	F₁ backcrossed to Honka to intensify red color	Uniformity; productivity and superior color
T-10-1 (Tabasco)	1935	Best local stocks of Tabasco	Inbreeding	Uniformity; productivity; color; ease of harvesting
T-10-2 (Tabasco)	Uniformity; fruit color and wall thickness; ease of harvesting
Massachusetts	Waltham Beauty	Unknown	Selection	Thick fruit; early; high yield
New Mexico	Chile No. 9	1917	Mexican Chile	Improved adaptability, uniformity yield and quality
Louisiana	Shallot	Unnamed	1936	2 local varieties	Crossing and selecting desirable F₁ plants	Resistance to pink root; fast growing; vigorous plants
Sweet potato	Porto Rico	1935	Porto Rico	Hill-unit selection	Sprouts-earlier; produces more plants per unit and 20 percent higher yield than parent stock.
Porto Blanco	Mutation	White skin; white flesh; high yield; high in starch; ideally suited for starch manufacture, and for livestock feed.
North Carolina	Porto Rico N. C. No. 1	1928	Hill and tuber selection	High yield; smooth skin; uniform color; uniform appearance
Department [USDA]	Mameyita	1919	Unknown	Introduced from Puerto Rico	High quality; good keeper and yielder
Japanese Yam	1930	Introduced from Japan	High starch content; resistant to Fusarium batatatis and F. hyperorysporum
Oebi Saboelan	1926	Introduced from Java	High quality and marked resistance to F. batatatis
Kioranda Dutch Yellow	1930
Puerto Rico	Eggplant	Puerto Rican Beauty	1936	A-4 X University	Hybridization	Highly resistant to bacterial wilt.

Table 4—Improved varieties and strains of vegetable crops, peanuts, and sweet corn developed and released by State and Federal research agencies
BEAN

Station or U.S. Department of Agriculture

Crop

Variety name

Date introduced

Parents

Breeding method

Superior characters

Alabama

Bean

Alabama No. 1 (pole, snap)

1933

Unknown

Selection

Heavy yield; bears over the length of the vine and over long season; resistant to nematode.

Alabama No.2 (pole, snap)

1933

Heavy yield; mature beans keep well in the field; nematode resistant.

Connecticut (State)

Connecticut Fordhook (lima)

1935

Fordhook

Pure-line selection

High yield.

Idaho

Idaho Refugee (snap)

1934

Stringless Refugee X Corbett Refugee

Hybridization

Vigor; resistant to bean mosaic; 1 week earlier than Stringless Refugee.

Great Northern U.I. No. 81 (field)

1932

Commercial Great Northern

Pure-line selection

Productivity, uniformity; resistant to common bean mosaic.

Great Northern U.I. No. 59 (field)

1936

Larger bean than No, 81; 3 days earlier in maturity

Great Northern U. I. No. 128 (field)

Illinois

Large-Podded Henderson Bush (lima)

1935

Henderson Bush

Cross between two Henderson Bush selections

Large-Podded; early, productive under Illinois conditions.

Baby Potato Lima

1936

Selected out of Henderson Bush; probably an accidental cross.

Henderson Bush vine and earliness, with small thick potato-type beans, crowded in pods. Outyields Henderson.

Maine

Highmoor Old Fashioned Yellow Eye (field)

1928

Old Fashioned Yellow Eye

Selection

Higher yield; more uniform and attractive pattern.

Massachusetts

Waltham Scarlet (horticultural)

1935

French Horticultural

Bright scarlet broad, long pods; high yield.

Michigan

Robust (field)

1913

Navy Pea

Immune to common bean mosaic.

New York (Cornell)

Perry Marrow (field)

1918

White Marrow X Wells Red Kidney

Hybridization

Anthracnose resistant; yield.

Genesee (field)

Robust X Wells Red Kidney

Anthracnose resistant; root rot resistant.

Honeoye (field)

State (Geneva)

Geneva Red Kidney (field)

1928

Blight resistant, free from hard shell.

York Red Kidney (field)

Department [USDA]

U.S. No. 1 (snap)

1933

Wells Red Kidney X Stringless Green Refugee

Early, mosaic and drought tolerant.

U.S. No. 2 (lima)

Henderson Bush Lima

Selection

Early, matures evenly, high yield.

U.S. No. 3 (pole, snap)

1934

World Wonder

Rust resistant, stringless, Kentucky Wonder type, round podded.

U.S. No. 4 (pole, snap)

Phenomenon Pole

Rust resistant, large podded, high yield.

U.S. No. 5 (snap)

1935

U.S. No. 1 X Corbett Refugee

Hybridization

Mosaic resistant; early; longs pods; good yield; determinate growth

Virginia

32-C-4 (pole, snap)

1934

Kentucky Wonder X Brockton Pole

Hybridization and selection

Rust resistant, prolific and superior quality of pod.

17-B (pole, snap)

17-A (pole, snap)

14-A (pole, snap)

Kentucky Wonder X Horticultural Pole

11-A (pole, snap)

5-A (pole, snap)

Powell Prolific X Marblehead Pole

34-B (pole, snap)

32-B (pole, snap)

Kentucky Wonder X Marblehead Pole

Wisconsin

Refugee (snap)

Stringless Green Refugee X Corbett Refugee

Hybridization

Resistant to bean mosaic.

LEAFY CROPS

California

Spinach

California Canner 159

1929

Prickly Winter

Selection

Early, productive.

California Canner 195

Georgia

Cabbage

Cabbage-Collard

1911

BlueStem Collard X Charleston Wakefield Cabbage

Hybridization

Semiheads of good quality

Louisiana

Louisiana Copenhagen

1934

Copenhagen Market

Pure-line selection—inbreeding and intercrossing, 5 generations of selected lines

Uniformity; resistant to bolting; compact head; short, stout core; excellent quality.

Collard

Louisiana Sweet

Georgia Collard

Inbreeding

Improved uniformity; short petiole; compact rosette; more leaves. Free of purple plants. Good quality.

Maryland

Spinach

Maryland Savoy

1935

Virginia Savoy

Mass selection

Winter hardiness.

Massachusetts

Lettuce

Bel-May

1928

May King X Belmont

Hybridization

Downy, mildew resistant, good head, fast growth.

Michigan

Celery

Michigan Golden

1933

Golden Self Blanching

Single-plant selection

Resistant to celery yellows.

Curly-Leaf Easy Blanching

1926

Newark Market

Immune to celery yellows; will blanching. in cold storage; high-quality easy-blanch type.

New York (Cornell)

Cabbage

Early Danish

1925

Commercial Danish

Selection

Early; short core; good quality.

Green Sugar

1930

Red X Jersey Wakefield

Hybridization

Table quality

Purple Sugar Loaf

Magenta

1933

Danish Round Red

Selection and hybridization

New color; good quality

Early Savoy*

1934

Commercial Savoy

Selection

Uniformity

Jersey Wakefield*

1932

Commercial Jersey

Glory*

1933

Commercial Glory

Uniformity; yield

All Head Early*

1934

Commercial Succession

Uniformity; type

Succession*

Uniformity; yield

Ohio

Lettuce

Grand Rapids (Tipburn resistant)

1933

Grand Rapids

Tipburn resistant; light color; very heavy

Pennsylvania

Cabbage

Penn State Ballhead

1926

Unknown

Line selection

Uniformity of type, good keeping qualities and high yield

Department [USDA]

Lettuce

Imperial F

1930

New York X Cos

Hybridization

Immune to brown blight; shows special adaptations to certain regional and climatic conditions in the West.

Imperial 13

1932

New York X White Chavigne

Imperial 152

1934

New York X Cos X (?)

Imperial 615

New York X Cos

Imperial 847

1936

Grand Rapids U.S. No.1

Grand Rapids X Cos

Some resistance to powdery mildew; heavier, stockier plants than Grand Rapids.

Columbia No. 1

New York X Hanson

Superior heading qualities under eastern conditions. Slow to shoot to seed.

Columbia No. 2

Earlier than Columbia No. 1; adapted for spring crop in eastern United States.

Cosberg No. 1

Paris White Cos X Iceberg

Tipburn and heat resistant; high edible quality, free from bitterness.

Virginia (Truck sta.)

Kale

V.T.E.S. Scotch

Dwarf Blue Curled Scotch

Pure-line selection

More resistant to cold; more curled; retains dark green color after periods of low temperatures.

Spinach

Virginia Savoy

1920

Unnamed Manchurian variety X Bloomsdale, Viroflay, and Long Standing

Hybridization (natural) and selection

Resistant to mosaic and low temperature, Rapid growing in fall.

Old Dominion

1930

Virginia Savoy X King of Denmark

Hybridization

Similar to Virginia Savoy but slower in bolting to seed in spring.

Wisconsin (in cooperation with department)

Cabbage

Wisconsin Hollander

1916

Danish Ballhead

Mass selection

Resistant to yellows.

Wisconsin Brunswick

1917

Fottlers Brunswick

Wisconsin All Season

1920

All Seasons

Marion Market

1925

Copenhagen Market

Pure-line selection

All Head Select

All Head Early

Globe

Glory of Enkuizen

Jersey Queen

1931

Jersey Wakefield

Wisconsin Ballhead

1935

Danish Ballhead

Racine Market

Copenhagen Market

Resistant Red Hollander

1924

Red Hollander

Mass selection

PEA

Maryland

Pea

Maryland Alaska

1932

Alaska

Mass selection

Fusarium wilt resistant

Wisconsin

Badger

1921

Horsford X French June

Hybridization

Small seed, high quality, good production

Alcross

1922

Cross between two Alaska strains

Early maturity, resistant to wilt

No. 19 Alaska

Hustler

Nott’s Excelsior X Horsford

Early maturity; pitted, round

Horal

1923

Horsford X Alaska

Small seed, wrinkled, hardy, wilt resistant

Ashford

1924

Horsford selection

Pure-line selection

Short blossoming period; good quality.

Acme

1925

Horsford X French June

Hybridization

Vigor; good quality; wrinkled seed.

Primal

Alaska X Surprise

Wrinkled; high quality; vigor.

Wisconsin Early Sweet

1931

Resistant Alaska X Surprise

High quality and vigor; resistant to wilt.

Wisconsin Perfection

1933

Original cross, Arthur X Perfection, and backcrossed to Perfection

Vigor; high quality; resistant to wilt.

Wisconsin Penin

1936

Horal X Prizewinner

Large-seeded; high quality; 4 days or more earlier than Perfection in maturity; fully resistant to wilt.

TOMATO

California

Tomato

Pearson

1936

Fargo X California 55

Hybridization

Determinate vine, tough skin, intense color.

California 55

1928

Santa Clara

Inbreeding

Smooth fruit, high yield, intense color.

Georgia

Hastings Everbearing Scarlet Globe

1932

Globe X Burpee

Hybridization

Resistant to fusarium wilt and leaf diseases; tolerates hot weather and drought better than most varieties.

Illinois

Lloyd Forcing

1930

Louisiana Pink X Grand Rapids

Crossing followed by selection

Wilt-resistant greenhouse type.

Blair Forcing

Urbana Forcing

1936

Marglobe X Grand Rapids

Sureset Forcing

Urbana Forcing X Blair Forcing

Long Calyx Forcing

Lloyd Forcing X Marglobe

Illinois Pride

New Century

Selection

Wilt-resistant canning type.

Early Baltimore

Indiana Baltimore

Wilt-resistant canning type, especially adapted to high-nitrogen prairie soils.

Prairiana

Marvana

Selection out of a mutation or accidental cross

Illinois Baltimore

Indiana Baltimore

Selection

A wilt-resistant Baltimore.

Indiana

Indiana Baltimore

1919

Greater Baltimore

High yield; foliage protection, resulting in better color.

Louisiana

10-4

1936

Louisiana Pink X Walter Richards

Crossing and back-crossing; growing plants on wilt plots.

Few small seed. Resistant to wilt and somewhat resistant to early blight; pink; adaptability to Louisiana conditions.

Maryland

Maryland Canner

1928

Unknown

Selection

Solidity of flesh.

Maryland Slicer

1930

Italian Pear X Greater Baltimore

Hybridization

Hybrid No. 4

1932

Greater Baltimore X San Jose Canner

Massachusetts

Waltham Forcing

1931

Unknown

Single-plant selection

High yield, sets fruit under adverse conditions; good color.

Michigan

Michigan State Forcing

1935

Marglobe X Ailsa Craig

Hybridization

Self-pollinating, high quality, wilt resistant.

John Baer

1926

John Baer

Single-plant selection

High yield, good market and canning qualities.

Minnesota

533

1935

Viking X Bonny Best

Hybridization

Early, productive.

29-35

1936

Unnamed

Early, high color and fruit quality.

New Jersey

Rutgers

1934

Marglobe X J. T. D

Inside color ripens from center; flavor for juice.

New York (State)

Geneva John Baer

1930

John Baer

Selection

Earliness, deep red color.

Nystate

1935

Ponderosa X King Humbert

Hybridization

Earliness, large size, smooth fruit, deep red color.

North Dakota

Red River

1925

Earliana X Sunrise

Earliness, smooth form, early.

Bison

1929

Red River X Cooper Special

Early, determinate, heat resistant. Adapted to Great Plains area.

Fargo Yellow Pear

1932

Bison X Yellow Pear

Early, determinate. Adapted to Great Plains area.

Pink Heart

Bison X Ohio Red

Golden Bison

Bison X Golden Queen

Early Jumbo

1929

June Pink X Globe

Early, large size. Adapted to Great Plains area.

Farthest North

1934

Bison X Red Currant

Extreme earliness.Adapted to Great Plains area.

Ohio

Marhio

1930

Marglobe

Selection

Resistant to fusarium wilt. Scarlet-red fruit, productive.

Pennsylvania

Nittany

1922

Enormous X Yellow Pear

Hybridization

Yield and uniformity

Matchum

Hummer X Matchless

Penn State Earliana

1926

Earliana

Selection

Earliness, uniformity, yield.

Penn State

1935

Burpee Self-Pruning X Penn State Earliana

Hybridization

Earliness, shape, and uniformity of fruit and yield. Determinate foliage.

Puerto Rico

LJX-7

Louisiana Pink X native

Tolerance to bacterial wilt.

Tennessee

Tennessee Pink

----

Unknown

Mass selection

Fusarium wilt resistant

Tennessee Red

1912

Beauty

Department [USDA]

Norton

1917

Stone

Selection

Marvel

1918

Merveille de Marchés

Fusarium wilt and nailhead resistant.

Columbia

Greater Baltimore

Fusarium wilt resistant.

Arlington

Norduke

1922

Norton X Duke of York

Hybridization

Marvana

1924

Marvel X Earliana

Marvelosa

Marvel X Ponderosa

Fusarium wilt and nailhead resistant.

Marglobe

1925

Globe X Marvel

Break o' Day

1931

Marglobe X Marvana

Pritchard**

1932

Cooper Special X Marglobe

Resistant to fusarium wilt, nailhead, and cracking.

Glovel**

1935

Globe X Marvel

---------

[blank]

Washington

Seedling No.36

1930

Bonny Best X Best of All

Hybridization

Heavier producer than parents. Good shipper.

Seedling No.50

----

Heavier producer than parents.

CUCURBITS

California

Watermelon

California Klondike

1933

Klondike

Inbreeding

Uniformity, flesh color, edible quality

Long Mountain

1936

Stone Mountain

Oblong type, adapted to shipping

Striped Klondike

Uniformity, high sugar

Resistant Klondike No. 7

Iowa Belle X Klondike

Hybridization

Wilt resistant

Bush squash

Grey Zucchini No. 1

Zucchini

Inbreeding

Early, productive, small, single-stem plant

Cantaloup***

Powdery Mildew Resistant Cantaloup No. 1

1931

Resistant variety from India and several commercial varieties

Hybridization

Resistant to powdery mildew

Powdery Mildew Resistant Cantaloup No. 50

1932

Powdery Mildew Resistant Cantaloup No. 50-15

1933

Powdery Mildew Resistant Cantaloup No. 45

1935

Hale Best X unfixed variety from India

Resistant to powdery mildew, edible quality. Superior shipping qualities

Honey Dew melon

Powdery Mildew Resistant Honey Dew No. 60

1934

Unfixed variety from India X Honey Dew X Honey Ball

Resistant to powdery mildew, edible quality.

Connecticut (State)

Squash

Connecticut Straight Neck

1936

Straight Neck Inbred X Giant Summer Crook Neck

Early, productive, uniform, smooth.

Florida

African

1935

----------

Introduction

High quality and yield in Florida; some resistance to stem borers.

Watermelon

Leesburg

1936

Kleckley Sweet

Pure-line selection on wilt-infested soil

Resistant to fusarium wilt in Florida.

Iowa

Iowa King

1930

Conqueror X (?)

Hybridization

Resistant to fusarium wilt.

Iowa Belle

Conqueror X Kleckley Sweet

Pride of Muscatine

Kleckley Sweet

Selection

Squash

Des Moines

----

Des Moines

Inbreeding

Uniformity and quality

Maryland

Muskmelon

Maryland Gem

1928

Buskirk's Gem

Selection

Thick, yellow flesh, quality

Michigan

Cucumber, pickling

National Pickle

1929

Snow Pickling

Single-plant selection, massing of selfed lines

High yield, superior pickling quality

Minnesota

Squash

Kitchenette

1930

Green Hubbard

Inbreeding

Uniformity, family size

New Brighton

1932

Uniformity, large size

1.35

1935

Buttercup

Early high quality, family size, stores well

Cucumber

454.35

----------

Introduction and inbreeding

Early, productive pickling type

Watermelon

Northern Sweet

1932

----------

Early, high quality, productive

New York (State)

Cucumber

Geneva

1929

Arlington White Spine X Rochford Market

Hybridization

Parthenocarpic

North Dakota

Squash

Buttercup

----

Quality x Essex hybrid (?) (natural cross)

Inbreeding

Convenient size, high quality; easily prepared

Department [USDA]

Cantaloup^ψ

Watermelon

Conqueror

1911

Eden X Stock citron

Hybridization

Resistant to fusarium wilt

Vermont

Squash

Vermont Hubbard

----

Hubbard

Inbreeding

Improved uniformity and culinary quality

SWEET CORN

Connecticut (State)

Sweet corn

Spancross C2

1933

Spanish Gold X C2

Hybridization

First early hybrid, large ear; resistant to bacterial wilt

Spancross P39

Spanish Gold X P39

Second early, resistant, good quality.

Marcross C6

G. E. Market X C6

Very large ear; first early, resistant

Marcross C13.6

1935

C13 X C6

Marcross C13.2

C13 X C2

Marcross P39

G.E. Market X P39

Second early, very large ear, good quality, resistant

Whipcross C6.2

1933

C6 X C2

Midseason, large ear, resistant

Whipcross C7.2

C7 X C2

Midseason, large ear, narrow kernel, quality

Whipcross P39.C2

P39 X C2

Midseason, large ear, resistant to bacterial wilt

Whipcross P39

Whipple X P39

Midseason, large ear, good quality, resistant

Redgreen

1926

C78 X C77

White, good quality, sun red leaves

M. Spanish Gold

1935

Spanish Gold

Synthetic variety

Very early, parent of first early hybrid

M. G. E. Market

G. E. Market

Early, resistant to bacterial wilt

M. Whipple

Whipple

Midseason, resistant to bacterial wilt

Florida

Florida No. 191

1934

Country Gentleman, Cuban Flint, Loveless, Pope, and Stubbs

Hybridization, inbreeding, bulk crossing of inbreds and selection

Husk protection and good table quality

Suwannee Sugar

1935

Southern Snowflake ¾, Long Island Beauty ¼

Hybridization and one backcross to Snowflake, selection

Husk protection, southern plant type; good quality

Illinois

Illinois Narrow Grain Evergreen: Inbred No. 13

Narrow Grain Evergreen

Best open-pollinated strains first selected by ear-row methods, followed by inbreeding and a high degree of selection within each line, then tested out in numerous crosses.

Cross 14X13 is a high yielder available commercially in 1937.

Inbred No. 14

Country Gentleman

^α1925

Country Gentleman

Ear-row selection

Yield, uniformity, canning quality, adaptability to Illinois

Narrow Grain Evergreen

Narrow Grain

Illinois Country Gentleman

1935

Country Gentleman

Same as for Illinois Narrow Grain inbreds

Yield, uniformity, canning quality, adaptability to specific Illinois conditions

Inbred No. 1

----------

Inbred No. 3

Inbred No. 5

Inbred No. 6

Inbred No. 8

Inbred No. 9

Inbred No. 10

Inbred No. 15

9 hybrids

----

Same as for Illinois Narrow Grain inbreds

Maryland

Hopeland

1920

Stowell Evergreen X Johnson County White

Hybridization

Productivity

North Dakota

Sunshine

1924

Golden Bantam X Gill’s Early Market

Hybridization, selfing, followed by selection and close breeding but not selfed

Earliness, size, quality

Golden Gem

1928

Sunshine X Pickaninny

Extreme earliness and quality.

Popcorn

Pinkie

1935

Black Beauty X Jap Hulless

Hybridization and selection

Novelty

Texas

Sweet corn

Surcropper Sugar

1933

Country Gentleman X Surcropper

Crossing and backcrossing repeatedly to field corn parent

Earworm resistant, adapted to certain southern conditions

Honey June

Country Gentleman X Mexican June

Department [USDA] (in cooperation with Indiana station)

Golden Cross Bantam

1932

Purdue 39 X Purdue 51

Hybridization

High yield, excellent quality, resistant to bacterial wilt, uniformity of type and maturity, high production of stover.

Department (in cooperation with Puerto Rico)

USDA 34

1935

Native field corn and sweet mutation of native sweet corn

Alternate generations of selfing and backcrossing on native field corn. The final crossing was a double-top cross between 2 second-generation inbred lines and 2 ear-to-row selections

Resistant to corn stripe. Thick, tightly clasping husks. Vigorous plant, size similar to field corn. Large ears with kernels of unusual depth.

MISCELLANEOUS CROPS

Ohio

Beet

Ohio Canner

1932

Detroit Dark Red

Inbreeding and sib-mating

Dark color, round shape, absence of light rings

Massachusetts

Carrot

Hutchinson

1923

Hutchinson

Mass selection

Long, smooth root; high yield

California

Onion

California Early Red, U.C. No. 1

1935

California Early Red

Inbreeding

Uniform size, shape, color, time of maturity, keeping quality

Australian Brown, U. C. No. 1

Australian Brown

Inbreeding, massing large numbers of similar unrelated lines

Flesh color, scale color, keeping quality, fertility

Colorado

Sweet Spanish, Colorado Station No. 6

1936

Sweet Spanish

Inbreeding

Yield uniformity; better storage; improved color

Texas

Peanut

McSpan

1925

Little Spanish

Pure-line selection

High yield, early maturity, high oil content

Virginia (in cooperation with Department)

Experiment Station Jumbo

1935

Jumbo

Selection

Very large pods and nuts; hard hulls

Department

Spanish 18-38

1925

Red Spanish

Superior yielding capacity

Connecticut (State)

Pepper

Windsor A

1936

California Wonder x Bountiful

Hybridization

Early, productive; thick wall

Louisiana

Baton Rouge Cayenne

1934

Best local stocks of Red Cayenne

Inbreeding

Size, uniformity, color, pungency and yield

C-2811 (not yet named)

1936

Baton Rouge Cayenne

Inbreeding and selection

Earliness, pungency; yield; resistant to defoliation by Cercospora capsici

Sport

Native Sport X Honka (Japanese variety)

F₁ backcrossed to Honka to intensify red color

Uniformity; productivity and superior color

T-10-1 (Tabasco)

1935

Best local stocks of Tabasco

Inbreeding

Uniformity; productivity; color; ease of harvesting

T-10-2 (Tabasco)

Uniformity; fruit color and wall thickness; ease of harvesting

Massachusetts

Waltham Beauty

Unknown

Selection

Thick fruit; early; high yield

New Mexico

Chile No. 9

1917

Mexican Chile

Improved adaptability, uniformity yield and quality

Louisiana

Shallot

Unnamed

1936

2 local varieties

Crossing and selecting desirable F₁ plants

Resistance to pink root; fast growing; vigorous plants

Sweet potato

Porto Rico

1935

Porto Rico

Hill-unit selection

Sprouts-earlier; produces more plants per unit and 20 percent higher yield than parent stock.

Porto Blanco

Mutation

White skin; white flesh; high yield; high in starch; ideally suited for starch manufacture, and for livestock feed.

North Carolina

Porto Rico N. C. No. 1

1928

Hill and tuber selection

High yield; smooth skin; uniform color; uniform appearance

Department [USDA]

Mameyita

1919

Unknown

Introduced from Puerto Rico

High quality; good keeper and yielder

Japanese Yam

1930

Introduced from Japan

High starch content; resistant to Fusarium batatatis and F. hyperorysporum

Oebi Saboelan

1926

Introduced from Java

High quality and marked resistance to F. batatatis

Kioranda Dutch Yellow

1930

Puerto Rico

Eggplant

Puerto Rican Beauty

1936

A-4 X University

Hybridization

Highly resistant to bacterial wilt.

Table 5.—*Outstanding vegetable strains, varieties, and breeding lines of practical or theoretical interest that are in the cultures of State and Federal research agencies*
BEAN
Station or U.S. Department of Agriculture	Crop or type	Variety name or no.	Date obtained or started	How obtained	Parents	Characters of interest
Idaho	Canning	W-80	1934	Hybridization	Corbett Refugee X Stringless Refugee	Resistant to common bean mosaic; high productivity
Garden	White Wax No. 122	1935	Brittle Wax X White Refugee Wax	White seeded wax bean of Kidney Wax type
Wax No. 110	Hybrid Wax U.S. No. 536 X Corbett Refugee	A Refugee type wax bean resistant to common bean mosaic
Semifield	Burtners Blight Proof	1934	Introduced by Mr. Burtner, of Wasco County, Oreg.	Not known	Resistant to curly top
Illinois	Lima	Henderson Bush, 11 lines	****	Selection and crossing	Henderson Bush	Uniformity
Wood’s Prolific, 4 lines	Selection	Wood’s Prolific	Under test in 1936 for commercial value
Baby Potato Lima, 6 lines	Henderson Bush	Henderson Bush vine and earliness, with small thick potato type beans crowded in pods. Outyields Henderson.
Large-Podded Henderson Bush, 9 lines	Cross between two selections	Large-podded; early; productive under Illinois conditions
Iowa	Green	Wholegreen	----	Hybridization	Burpee Stringless Green Pod X Refugee	Straight, stringless pods
Minnesota	White pod	----------	1930	Brittle Wax X unnamed	Attractive pod color
----------	Fusduli	1932	Introduced	Unknown	Seed characters
New York (Cornell)	----------	1915 to date	Numerous unnamed seedlings	Hybrids of and selections from Robust, Wells Red Kidney, White Marrow, Flat Marrow, Scotia, and White Imperial	Variously resistant to root rot, blight; immune to mosaic and to specific strains of anthracnose
Department (in cooperation with Oregon)	1928 to 1935	Hybridization	Resistant X susceptible varieties	Curly-top resistance
Department (in cooperation with Colorado)	Corbett Refugee	1931	Selection from Sioux City Seed Co.	Stringless Green Refugee	Mosaic resistant
N 1092	1935	Hybridization	Brittle Wax X Corbett Refugee	Excellent wax bean type, good color and excellent pods
N 675	1933	Pinto X Cranberry Striped Creasback	Tolerant to bacterial blight
Numerous other lines	Mostly since 1930	Hybridization and selection	American and foreign varieties	Disease resistance and adaptation possibilities
LEAFY CROPS
Arizona	Lettuce	Imperial No. 152	In process	Selfing individual heads and roguing the increase	Imperial 152	Improved adaptation to Arizona conditions and conformity to varietal type
Imperial No. 615	Imperial 615
Colorado	Lettuce, head	----------	----------	Crossing	New York No. 12 X Iceburg	Improvement in resistance to tipburn
Florida	Lettuce	1	1934	Selection	New York	Appears to show superior ability to develop hard head under certain growing conditions
6
15
26
Hawaii	5 United States commercial varieties	1932	Introduced	----------	Mignonette is good parent because of excellent heading under warm conditions. Hybrids of California commercial varieties with Mignonette show promise.
Minnesota	Brassica hybrids	1-35	1935	Hybridization	Brussels sprouts—cabbage hybrids	Gives promise of forming head and sprouts
14-35	Give promise of being an early type of brussels sprouts
Crucifer hybrids	54.35 Fertile Hybrid	1930	Radish X cabbage	Generic hybrid of scientific interest. May serve same purpose as rape.
New York (Cornell)	Cabbage	Numerous strains	1919 to date	----------	Homozygous for various factors and characters as purple, magenta, sun color, and green; waxy; dwarf types; and others	Breeding stocks for practical or theoretical work.
Numerous lines	Intertype crosses of Brassica oleracea; cabbage X cauliflower, brussels sprouts, kale, kohlrabi, wild cabbage	For genetic study.
Celery	----------	----------	Hybridization	Golden Self-Blanching X Utah	Self-blanching, good quality; resistant to fusarium yellows
Department [USDA]	Lettuce	4 lines	1929	Iceberg X Hanson	Heat resistant; reliable heading strains
3 lines	Mignonette X Hanson	High quality; early maturity
7 lines	1929 and 1932	New York X Hanson	Solid, dark green, reliable heading types for eastern conditions
MN-29-8-7	1929	Mignonette X New York	Tipburn and heat resistant
P-1H-1190-3	1930	Two hybrid lines	Tipburn resistant
1P-30-1-20	Iceberg X Cos	Tipburn resistant; high edible quality
MN-P-1193	1931	Two hybrid lines	Tipburn resistant; early maturity
2 lines	Imperial CX hybrid	Tipburn resistant
2 lines C-NH-154	Reliable heading
6 lines	Two hybrid lines	Tipburn resistant
4 lines MN-NH-150	1932	Ability to head under adverse temperature conditions
NT-12-1	1928	New York X Transport	Genetic material for chlorophyll deficiency
BD-3-1	California Cream Butter X Deacon	Genetic material for inheritance of Cos type
*Lettuce	-----------	-----------	-----------	---------	[Blank]
Lettuce	M	Selection	Mignonette	Red CCRRTT
B	California Cream Butter	Spotted CCr’r’TT
I	Iceberg	Tinged CCrrTT
H	Hanson	Green CCRRtt
N	New York	Green ccrrTT
T	Transport	Green CCr'r'tt
C	Chavigne	Green CCrrtt
NC	New York X Chavigne	Hybridization	Green ccrrtt
MN	Mignonette X New York	Green ccRRTT
Department (in cooperation with Wisconsin)	Cabbage	77 lines homozygous for resistance to yellows	1930	Pureline selection	Smith Pride variety	Useful for outcrossing to individuals selected for resistance
PEA
Maryland	Many lines	----------	Mostly since 1928	Hybridization and pure-lining	Commercial varieties	Wilt resistant
Department (in cooperation with California)	Progress type**	1932	Hybridization and selection	Laxton Progress X Giant Stride	Resistance to Fusarium orthoceras pisi. Tolerance to unnamed Fusaria found at San Luis Obispo
Hundredfold types	[Blank]
N762 and others	Mostly since 1932	Hybridization	Resistant to Fusarium; tolerant to Ascochyta
15 strains	Little Marvel X World Record F₄	Resistant to certain viruses. Freezing types, seed setting
6 strains	Laxton Progress x Nain Mangetout F₄	Size of pod, hardiness
132 strains	Laxton Progress x Giant Stride F₅-F₈	Resistant to fusarium wilts
4 strains	Laxton Progress X World Record	Pod size, seed setting
30 strains	Laxton Progress X Kent Alderman	Pod size, hardiness
15 strains	Laxton Marvel X (Thomas Laxton X Phenomenon)	Resistant to certain viruses, freezing types, seed set, resistant to fusarium wilts
----------	Austrian Winter X Alderman	Genetics and breeding for resistance to Ascochyta and Mycosphaerella
Austrian Winter X Hundredfold
Austrian Winter X Perfection
Little Marvel X Progress F₁-F₃	Resistant to certain viruses
Pisum elatius	2 strains	Not fully explored
P. jomardi	3 strains
Subspecies of P. sativum	5 strains
Edible-podded	19 strains
Pure lines and varieties	300 strains
TOMATO, EGGPLANT, AND PEPPER
California	Tomato	Many hybrids	1936	Hybridization	Red Currant X commercial varieties	Resistant to bacterial canker and spotted wilt
Many varieties	Inbreeding	Commercial stocks	Uniform type for variety
Georgia	Pepper	Pimiento	1928	Line selected	Perfection Pimiento	[Blank]
Tomato	Livingston Globe	1920	Livingston Globe	Resistant to wilt
7-1-1	1926	Hybrid; line selected for resistance to wilt and leaf diseases	Globe x Burpee	Resistant to wilt, heat, and drought
22-3-1	1932	Above backcrossed to wilt-resistant strain of Globe	(Globe X Burpee) X Globe
2-3-1-1	Hybridization	Globe selection X Break o’ Day	Resistant to wilt
Iowa	79	----	Crossing	Earliana X Best of All	Less cracking
Hawaii	Hawaii station hybrid	1918	Horticulture department	Obscure. Hybrid between a wild currant type and a commercial variety	Shows partial resistance to melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) but has small size
United States commercial varieties	1932-35	Introduced	----------	[Blank]
2 local wild currant tomatoes	----	----------
Maryland	Strain of Red River No. 44-9	1930	Selection	Red River	Early; resistant to cracking
Minnesota	Various strains	1930-33	Breeding; introduced	Numerous	Early; productive
Missouri	Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium X L. esculentum hybrids	1935	Hybridization	Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium X L. esculentum	Studies of fusarium wilt resistance and inheritance of resistance
New Hampshire	Bonny Best	----	Selection	Bonny Best	Strain adapted for forcing
Eggplant	Unnamed	Dwarf Purple X Black Beauty	Hybridization	Earliness; adaptability to Northern States
New Jersey	Tomato^ψ	Marglobe X J. T. D. crosses	Crossing and selection	Marglobe X J. T. D	Undergoing selection for improved yield, fruit shape, color, and general high quality
Break o’ Day X Oxheart crosses	Break o’ Day X Oxheart
Marglobe X Earliana crosses	Marglobe X Earliana	Being selected for larger, smoother, high-quality, early market tomato
Tennessee	Usual commercial varieties	----------	----------	[Blank]
Texas	B-1	1935	Hybridization	Large Cherry X Bonny Best	Sets fruit under unfavorable conditions; prolific.
377	Gulf State Market X Cherry	Sets fruit under unfavorable conditions; prolific; free from "puff"
Department [USDA]	50 Marglobe lines	1932	Inbreeding	Marglobe	Wilt-resistance studies
50 lines	1925-35	Hybridization	Marglobe and other commercial sorts	Being tested prior to release of best; wilt and nailhead resistant
125 varieties	1932	Inbreeding	European varieties	For disease-resistance and inheritance work
130 varieties	American varieties
100 varieties	1935-36	Introduction	Australian, South American, and Asiatic sources
Numerous lines	1935	Hybridization and backcrossing	Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium X L. esculentum and reciprocals
Wyoming	Denmark	1932	Denmark	----------	Desirable type and fruiting habit
Bonny Best	1930	U.S. Department of Agriculture	High quality
Bison	1932	North Dakota Agricultural College	Early
Yellow Pear	1930	U.S. Department of Agriculture
Currant
Puerto Rico	Eggplant	A-4	Hybridization	Black Beauty X Farjardo	Resistant to bacterial wilt
CUCURBITS
Arizona	Cantaloup	McDaniels Nugget	In process	Selfing individual plants and rigidly roguing each strain	McDaniels Nugget	Uniform size, globe shape, deep flesh, salmon color, deep net, high sugar
Superfecto	Superfecto
California	Muskmelon	Hale Best	1926-36	Inbreeding; 10-15 inbred lines being carried along	Commercial stocks	Uniformity of plant and fruit characters
Salmon Tint
Honey Dew
Honey Ball
Persian
Casaba
Many minor horticultural varieties and sub-species	One of more inbred lines	----------	[Blank]
Squash	White Bush Scallop	1930-36	10-15 inbred lines of each	Commercial stocks	Uniformity of fruit and plant characters
Giant Summer Crookneck
Giant Summer Straightneck
California	Squash	Grey Zucchine	1930-36	10-15 inbred lines of each	Commercial stocks	Uniformity of fruit and plant characters
Watermelon	California Klondike No. 1	1933	Inbreeding	Uniform fruit type; high sugar; prolific
California Klondike No. 3
California Klondike No. 8	Uniform fruit type; tough rind
Striped Klondike No. 11	1936	Uniform fruit type; high sugar
Thurmond Grey No. 46	Uniform fruit type for variety
Golden Honey No. 28
Baby Delight No. 32
Winter Queen No. 213
Peerless No. 247
Angelino No. 3
Chilean No. 7
Snowball No. 12
Stone Mountain No. 44
Long Mountain No. 216
Northern Sweet No. 251
Sun, Moon, Stars No. 265
Grey Monarch No, 260
Iowa Belle No. 542	Hybridization	Unknown	Uniform fruit type for variety; resistant to wilt
Pride of Muscatine No. 136	Inbreeding	----------
Hybrid No.7	Hybridization	Klondike X Iowa Belle	Klondike type, resistant to wilt
Hybrid No. 19	Kleckley type, resistant to wilt
Hybrid No. 16	Inbreeding	----------	Klondike type, resistant to wilt
Florida	Cantaloup	Rocky Dew	1935	From Kilgore Seed Co.	Rocky Dew	Resistant to mildew and certain leaf spots
Squash	African	1933	Plant Exploration and Introduction, U.S. Department of Agriculture	African squash	Superior eating quality and yielding ability; considerable resistance to stem-borer
Watermelon	Iowa Belle	1931	Introduced from Iowa	----------	Shows some resistance to wilt under Florida conditions
Iowa King
Iowa	Squash	Improved Table Queen	----	Inbreeding	Isolation of high-yielding inbred lines	Increased uniformity and yield and freedom from mixtures
Louisiana	Sugar Bowl	Crossing and backcrossing	Scalloped White Bush X Des Moines	Very uniform; deep teacup shape; white color; very fleshy; sweet; high quality
Maine	Cucumber	Line 155	1932	Selfing	Windermoor Wonder	Resistant to scab (Cladosporium cucumerinum)
Line 128	Longfellow
Massachusetts	Squash	Blue Hubbard No. 1	----	Selfed pure line	Commercial Blue Hubbard	Uniform fruit; high yield; good color; strain lacks roughness desired by growers
Michigan	Muskmelon	Honey Rock inbreds	1935	Inbreeding	Honey Rock	Some lines for hard shell and ropy net
3=S₅; 2=S₆	----	----------	Some lines for thick flesh and high total solids
1730 F₃	1935	Hybridization	Hale Best X Honey Rock	Thick flesh of Hales and shell and net of Honey Rock (not fixed as yet)
1734 F₂	(Hale Best X Honey Rock) X Honey Rock	More characters of recurrent parent
1739 F₆	Honey Dew X Emerald Gem	Orange flesh of Emerald Gem; shell of Honey Dew
4 F₃ lines	Honey Dew X Champlain on Hearts of Gold	Early maturing; green flesh. Honey Dew
Minnesota	Cucumber	Numerous strains	1914-36	Introduction; selection; inbreeding; hybridization	Many varieties	Pure lines for several genetic characters
Muskmelon	1932	Selection	Golden Osage	Resistant to fusarium wilt
Watermelon	1934	Hybridization	Arikara, Northern Sweet, Fordhook, Angelino, Winter Queen	Early; seed color; quality
Squash	1920-36	Introduction; selection; inbreeding, hybridization	Many varieties	Pure lines for several genetic characters
New Hampshire	Cucumber	Granite State	25-30 years ago	Hybridization	English X White Spine	Excellent forcing cucumber; thrifty grower; prolific
New York (Geneva)	Squash	Cucurbita moschata X pepo 31	1933	Japanese Pie X Early Yellow Bush Scallop	Potential disease resistance
Cucurbita moschata X pepo 32	Japanese Pie X Mammoth Yellow Bush Scallop
Cucurbita pepo X moschata 43	Giant Summer Crookneck X Japanese Pie
Cucurbita moschata X maxima 52	Quaker Pie X Banana
Cucurbita moschata X pepo 64	Japanese Pie X Delicata
Cucurbita pepo X moschata 70	1934	Bohemian (=Delicata) X Japanese Pie
Department (in cooperation with California)	Muskmelon	Numerous lines	----	American and oriental sorts	Powdery mildew resistance
Department at Beltsville, Md.	Cucumber	40 lines	Mostly since 1930	Inbreeding	Japanese and Chinese varieties	Some resistance to mosaic
50 lines	----	Hybridization	American X Japanese or Chinese varieties and reciprocals
10 lines	Inbreeding	American and oriental varieties	Some resistance to bacterial wilt
20 lines	Hybridization
6 lines	Inbreeding	Chinese and Indian varieties	Some resistance to downy mildew
5 lines	Hybridization	Chinese X American varieties
Department at Corvallis, Oreg.	Squash	Several lines	1932	Inbreeding	Marblehead	Uniform, productive, resistant to early top
1933	Hybridization	Marblehead X Beau Dessert	High quality, adapted to Northwest
1932	Inbreeding	Varieties of Cucurbita pepo	Potential disease resistance
Department at Cheyenne, Wyo.	Muskmelon	Griffin	1934	Canada	----------	Early maturity
John the Gardener	Wyoming gardener	Early maturity and quality
Vine Peach	1935	Commercial	Tartness of flavor; early maturity
Hale Best	High quality
Squash and pumpkin	New England Pie	1930	Early, and good quality
Cocozelle	Bush habit of growth
Giant Summer Crookneck	Bush habit of growth; early
Puerto Rico	Cucumber	Chinese Long	1933	Introduction	Resistant to downy mildew
35-2; 8-3-2	1935	Hybridization	Chinese Long X Early Black Diamond
CORN [MAIZE]
California	Sweet corn	Papago	1934	Associated Seed Growers, Inc.	Commercial stocks	Earworm resistant
Honey June	Texas Agricultural Experiment Station	----------	Earworm and heat resistant
California No. 1	1935	Hybridization	(Honey June X Oregon Evergreen) X Honey June	Earworm resistant
California No. 2	(Honey June X Oregon Evergreen) X Oregon Evergreen
California No. 3	(Honey June X Golden Bantam) X Honey June
Surcropper Sugar	1934	Texas Agricultural Experiment Station	----------
Florida 191	Florida Agricultural Experiment Station
Oregon Evergreen	F. Lagomarsino	Commercial stock
Dent corn	Mexican June	Aggeler & Musser	Earworm and heat resistant
King Phillip	1935	F. Lagomarsino	Earworm resistant; yellow kernels
Davis Prolific	Reuter Seed Co.	Earworm resistant
Tuxpan	Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
Connecticut (State)	Sweet corn	Connecticut 2	1933	Inbreeding	Whipple	Dark green foliage, vigorous plant, narrow kernel
Connecticut 6	Light green foliage, resistant to bacterial wilt, broad kernel
Connecticut 7	Narrow kernel, good plant and ear
Connecticut 13	1935	Golden Early Market	Very resistant to bacterial wilt. Golden Early type of ear.
Connecticut 78	1926	Red leaves (probably from Crosby)	Good quality
Connecticut 77	Stowell Evergreen	Large ear, good quality, pearly white
P39	----	(?)	----------	Good quality; adaptability; resistant
P51	Golden Bantam	Good quality; 8-rowed ear
Florida	Sweet Snowflake	1934	Recurrent backcrossing	Snowflake, Long Island Beauty	Husk protection, southern type
Alachua Sweet	1935	White Dent, Long Island Beauty
Sweet Dubose	Dubose, Long Island Beauty
Sweet Tuxpan	Tuxpan, Florida 191	Husk protection; adapted to Everglades
Sweet Oklahoma Silvermine	Oklahoma Silvermine, Suwannee Sugar	Husk protection, southern type
Sweet Trucker Favorite	Trucker Favorite, Suwannee Sugar	Husk protection, southern type; earliness
Florida King Bantam	Hickory King, Cuban Flint, Suwannee Sugar	Husk protection, southern type, Golden Bantam ear type, tender and very good quality
Illinois	22-507-806-4-104-203	Work started in 1929, and the lines listed are those showing merit as of 1935.	----------	Iowa State College No. 15 X Evergreen X Yellow Dent	These lines are all inbreds, the number of generations inbred being indicated by the number of integers in the pedigree. A great many additional inbreds are being maintained (142 inbred lines in all), but only those showing distinct merit are listed. The object is to secure single crosses able to withstand the heat and drought of central Illinois and to show a high degree of resistance to bacterial wilt. Purdue Golden Cross Bantam is not sufficiently resistant to wilt for the purpose. All the lines listed show promise. They range all the way from extremely early 8-row to late-maturing 18-row types.
81-521-818-108-7-106-206 and 207	Open-pollinated Bantam Evergreen
84-528-110-9-106-200 and 210	Open-pollinated Whipple’s Early Yellow
192-537-832-10-109-211 and 212	Purdue 1339-1-1-2-1-1-1
202-544-838-113-12-111-214 and 215	Purdue No. 25
203-545-839-13-112-216	Purdue No. 29
204-546-840-114-14-113-218	Purdue No. 34
206-548-842-115-15-114-219	Purdue No. 38
212-554-848-16-115-220 and 221	Purdue No. 1313 X 1324
5004-1 A-1-1-19-4-121-226	Illinois No. 14 X Yellow sweet
5020-1-1-1-129-234	Wisconsin (589 31 X 3) X Purdue (1339 X 1313)
5030-1-1-1-132-237	Open-pollinated Bantam Evergreen X (Purdue 1313 X 1319)
5041-1-1-1-134-239	Purdue 1339-1-2-3-1-1-1 X Iowa State College S760-1
5043-1-1-1-136-242	Purdue (1308 X 1313) X Purdue (1313 X 1335)
5044-1-1-1-137-243	Purdue (1308 X 1335) X Wisconsin 589 31 X 3
5044-1-1-1-138-244	Purdue (1308 X 1335) X Wisconsin 589 31 X 3
5050-1-1-1-141-247 and 248	Purdue (1313 X 1324) X Purdue (1339 X 1313)
5051-1-1-1-249	Purdue (1313 X 1324) x Purdue (1351 X 1313)
5055-1-2-1-252 and 253	Inbred from Purdue 21 x inbred from Purdue 29
5059-1-2-1-255	Inbred from Purdue (1308 X 1335) X inbred from Purdue 34
5061-1-1-1-257	-----------	Inbred from [Wisconsin (5939 X 4) X Purdue(1339 X 1313)] X inbred from Purdue 36
5068-2-1-2-260	Illinois Narrow Grain Evergreen X yellow sweet
5068-4-1-1-262
5068-4-1-2-263, 264, and 265
5068-4-1-3-266 and 267
5068-8-1-2-272 and 273
5068-5-1-4-275
5068-8-1-1-276
5068-8-1-3-278
9 hybrids	1935	Hybridization	Narrow Grain Evergreen X Country Gentleman	Superior yield
Indiana (in cooperation with Department)	G.B. 14	Δ1921	Pure-line selection	Golden Rod	Excellent pollinator; few suckers good quality
G.B. 51B	Δ1922	Golden Bantam	Carries factor for high yield; tall, slender plant. Good pollen parent
C.G. 22	Δ1921	Country Gentleman	Resistant to kernel infection. Produces an early top cross with open-pollinated strains. Two-ear type
C.G. 34	Δ1931	Carries factor for kernel depth
C.G. 6355	Δ1928	Stiff stalk; root rot resistant
S.E. 4-6	Δ1921	Stowell Evergreen	Productive; good seed quality
S.E. V4	Δ1928	Productive; root rot resistant
N.G. 119	Δ1921	Narrow Grain Evergreen	Deep, narrow kernel; erect; resistant to ear rots
N.G. 1014-2-5	Good root system, slender ear
Iowa	Iogold 18.39	----	Crossing of inbred lines	Sunshine inbreds	Increased yield and uniformity
Iogent 16.45; Iogent 90.45	Country Gentleman inbreds
Iogreen 123.91; Iogreen 11.63	Narrow Grain Evergreen inbreds
Maryland	About 50 inbreds	Mostly since 1930	Hybridizing sweet x dent corn followed by inbreeding. Own production	Commercial varieties	Yield and adaptability
Many inbreds	----	Commercial and research agencies	---------	For comparison
New York (State)	G5	1927	Inbreeding	Golden Bantam	High quality; potent hybridizer
Pennsylvania	Purdue 39	1936	From Glenn Smith, Lafayette Ind.	----------	[Blank]
Purdue 51
Purdue 13391-8-1
Purdue 1351-3-1-1-2
Purdue 3-1-3-2
Purdue 1308
Purdue 8482
Purdue 14-1-2-6
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
Minnesota	Asparagus	375 different plants, nos. 2-1 to 9-43	1932	Selection	Washington	Production and breeding records known
Carrot	36-34, 37-34	1934	selection and inbreeding	Chantenay	Uniform
Department [USDA]	Beet	Several lines	Mostly since 1930	Highly uniform inbreds from commercial varieties	Commercial varieties	Some commercial possibilities; others of genetic interest only
California	Garlic	Early or Mexican	----	Selection	Commercial stocks	[Blank]
Late or Italian
Many introductions	-----------	Through Plant Exploration and Introduction
Louisiana	Okra^ΐ	-----------	-----------
California	Onion	Stockton Yellow Globe 36-40	Selfed one generation	Stockton Yellow Globe (commercial stock)	Uniform; nonbolting
White Persian	1929	Plant Exploration and Introduction	P. E. I. No. 86279	Thrips resistant
Stockton Yellow 21-1-3-4S₄	----------	Inbreeding	Stockton Yellow (commercial)	Nonbolting
Italian Red 13-53	Selection	Italian Red (commercial)	Male sterile, mildew resistant
Lord Howe Island	Australia	Lord Howe Island	Deep red; early
Australian Brown No. 17	Inbreeding	Australian Brown	Resistant to pink root
Sweet Spanish No. 35	Sweet Spanish
Nebuka	Japan	Nebuka selection
Louisiana	Creole	Inbreeding and selection followed by intercrossing similar lines and mass open-pollination of similar lines. (Stocks maintained at Louisiana.)	Best local stocks	Excellent keeping quality; high total solids. Very strong flavor, desired by certain markets and processors. Adaptable to short-day growing conditions.
Texas	White Persian	1935	California station	----------	Disease resistant.
Crystal Wax	Selection	Individual plants	Deep; nonsplitting.
Georgia	Peanut	Improved White Spanish	1931	Tom Huston Peanut Co.	----------	Small, uniform seed of high quality.
Pearl	White seed coat; poor quality.
Carolina Runner	Resistant to disease; high yield.
Virginia Runner	Resistant to disease; large seed.
Virginia Bunch	Bunch; large seed.
Jumbo	Large seed; fairly resistant to disease.
Tennessee Red	Bunch; large pods suitable for roasting.
Basse	Resistant to disease; well filled.
West African	Resistant to disease.
Philippine White	Resistant to disease; white seed.
Kimorales	Bunch; fairly resistant to disease
Java P. L.	Bunch; said to be resistant to bacterial wilt
H13-36-66	1934	Selected hybrid	Pearl X Carolina Runner	Resistant to disease; fine hay
H19-54-13-3	1935	Improved White Spanish X Carolina Runner
H21-39-39	1934	Improved White Spanish X Virginia Runner
Virginia (in cooperation with Department)	15 selections from Virginia Runner^ϖ	1935	Selection	Virginia Runner	Large pods; hard seed hulls and superior yields
Department (in cooperation with Virginia and South Carolina)	About 250 varieties and introductions	Mostly since 1930	Mostly by introduction	Mostly through Plant Exploration and Introduction	Largely unexplored
Minnesota	Rhubarb	Various strains	1932-36	Inbreeding, selection, introduction	Several varieties	Improved color and quality
Hawaii	Sweetpotato	Black Spanish	1934	Introduced	----------	[Blank]
Red Jersey	1922
Dixie Yam
Jewel Yam
Priestly	1934
Creola	1922
Pobrico	1934
Japanese Brown	1917-22
Nancy Hall	1934
Vineless Yam
Merced
Madeira	1917
40 Hawaiian varieties	1917-35	Collected from various islands
20 hybrids	1926-29	Hand crosses of known varieties
40 open-pollinated seedlings	1934	Seed collected in field; open-pollinated	Selection for eating quality is most important object.
Maryland	Menes Moeder	1923	Introduction	Introduced from Java	High quality and marked resistance to Fusarium batatatis
Department [USDA]	High starch content. Resistant to Fusarium batatatis and F. hyperoxysporum.
254	Big Wig X (?)	[Blank]
291
About 25 varieties	Since 1919	From growers in United States	Unknown	Of commercial interest in past or at present
About 30 numbers	Foreign introductions	Of potential commercial and breeding value. Many are resistant to Fusarium.
About 100 seedlings	Since 1935	Open-pollinated seed	Female parent known

Table 5.—Outstanding vegetable strains, varieties, and breeding lines of practical or theoretical interest that are in the cultures of State and Federal research agencies
BEAN

Station or U.S. Department of Agriculture

Crop or type

Variety name or no.

Date obtained or started

How obtained

Parents

Characters of interest

Idaho

Canning

W-80

1934

Hybridization

Corbett Refugee X Stringless Refugee

Resistant to common bean mosaic; high productivity

Garden

White Wax No. 122

1935

Brittle Wax X White Refugee Wax

White seeded wax bean of Kidney Wax type

Wax No. 110

Hybrid Wax U.S. No. 536 X Corbett Refugee

A Refugee type wax bean resistant to common bean mosaic

Semifield

Burtners Blight Proof

1934

Introduced by Mr. Burtner, of Wasco County, Oreg.

Not known

Resistant to curly top

Illinois

Lima

Henderson Bush, 11 lines

****

Selection and crossing

Henderson Bush

Uniformity

Wood’s Prolific, 4 lines

Selection

Wood’s Prolific

Under test in 1936 for commercial value

Baby Potato Lima, 6 lines

Henderson Bush

Henderson Bush vine and earliness, with small thick potato type beans crowded in pods. Outyields Henderson.

Large-Podded Henderson Bush, 9 lines

Cross between two selections

Large-podded; early; productive under Illinois conditions

Iowa

Green

Wholegreen

----

Hybridization

Burpee Stringless Green Pod X Refugee

Straight, stringless pods

Minnesota

White pod

----------

1930

Brittle Wax X unnamed

Attractive pod color

----------

Fusduli

1932

Introduced

Unknown

Seed characters

New York (Cornell)

----------

1915 to date

Numerous unnamed seedlings

Hybrids of and selections from Robust, Wells Red Kidney, White Marrow, Flat Marrow, Scotia, and White Imperial

Variously resistant to root rot, blight; immune to mosaic and to specific strains of anthracnose

Department (in cooperation with Oregon)

1928 to 1935

Hybridization

Resistant X susceptible varieties

Curly-top resistance

Department (in cooperation with Colorado)

Corbett Refugee

1931

Selection from Sioux City Seed Co.

Stringless Green Refugee

Mosaic resistant

N 1092

1935

Hybridization

Brittle Wax X Corbett Refugee

Excellent wax bean type, good color and excellent pods

N 675

1933

Pinto X Cranberry Striped Creasback

Tolerant to bacterial blight

Numerous other lines

Mostly since 1930

Hybridization and selection

American and foreign varieties

Disease resistance and adaptation possibilities

LEAFY CROPS

Arizona

Lettuce

Imperial No. 152

In process

Selfing individual heads and roguing the increase

Imperial 152

Improved adaptation to Arizona conditions and conformity to varietal type

Imperial No. 615

Imperial 615

Colorado

Lettuce, head

----------

Crossing

New York No. 12 X Iceburg

Improvement in resistance to tipburn

Florida

Lettuce

1934

Selection

New York

Appears to show superior ability to develop hard head under certain growing conditions

Hawaii

5 United States commercial varieties

1932

Introduced

----------

Mignonette is good parent because of excellent heading under warm conditions. Hybrids of California commercial varieties with Mignonette show promise.

Minnesota

Brassica hybrids

1-35

1935

Hybridization

Brussels sprouts—cabbage hybrids

Gives promise of forming head and sprouts

14-35

Give promise of being an early type of brussels sprouts

Crucifer hybrids

54.35 Fertile Hybrid

1930

Radish X cabbage

Generic hybrid of scientific interest. May serve same purpose as rape.

New York (Cornell)

Cabbage

Numerous strains

1919 to date

----------

Homozygous for various factors and characters as purple, magenta, sun color, and green; waxy; dwarf types; and others

Breeding stocks for practical or theoretical work.

Numerous lines

Intertype crosses of Brassica oleracea; cabbage X cauliflower, brussels sprouts, kale, kohlrabi, wild cabbage

For genetic study.

Celery

----------

Hybridization

Golden Self-Blanching X Utah

Self-blanching, good quality; resistant to fusarium yellows

Department [USDA]

Lettuce

4 lines

1929

Iceberg X Hanson

Heat resistant; reliable heading strains

3 lines

Mignonette X Hanson

High quality; early maturity

7 lines

1929 and 1932

New York X Hanson

Solid, dark green, reliable heading types for eastern conditions

MN-29-8-7

1929

Mignonette X New York

Tipburn and heat resistant

P-1H-1190-3

1930

Two hybrid lines

Tipburn resistant

1P-30-1-20

Iceberg X Cos

Tipburn resistant; high edible quality

MN-P-1193

1931

Two hybrid lines

Tipburn resistant; early maturity

2 lines

Imperial CX hybrid

Tipburn resistant

2 lines C-NH-154

Reliable heading

6 lines

Two hybrid lines

Tipburn resistant

4 lines MN-NH-150

1932

Ability to head under adverse temperature conditions

NT-12-1

1928

New York X Transport

Genetic material for chlorophyll deficiency

BD-3-1

California Cream Butter X Deacon

Genetic material for inheritance of Cos type

*Lettuce

-----------

---------

[Blank]

Lettuce

Selection

Mignonette

Red CCRRTT

California Cream Butter

Spotted CCr’r’TT

Iceberg

Tinged CCrrTT

Hanson

Green CCRRtt

New York

Green ccrrTT

Transport

Green CCr'r'tt

Chavigne

Green CCrrtt

New York X Chavigne

Hybridization

Green ccrrtt

Mignonette X New York

Green ccRRTT

Department (in cooperation with Wisconsin)

Cabbage

77 lines homozygous for resistance to yellows

1930

Pureline selection

Smith Pride variety

Useful for outcrossing to individuals selected for resistance

PEA

Maryland

Many lines

----------

Mostly since 1928

Hybridization and pure-lining

Commercial varieties

Wilt resistant

Department (in cooperation with California)

Progress type**

1932

Hybridization and selection

Laxton Progress X Giant Stride

Resistance to Fusarium orthoceras pisi. Tolerance to unnamed Fusaria found at San Luis Obispo

Hundredfold types

[Blank]

N762 and others

Mostly since 1932

Hybridization

Resistant to Fusarium; tolerant to Ascochyta

15 strains

Little Marvel X World Record F₄

Resistant to certain viruses. Freezing types, seed setting

6 strains

Laxton Progress x Nain Mangetout F₄

Size of pod, hardiness

132 strains

Laxton Progress x Giant Stride F₅-F₈

Resistant to fusarium wilts

4 strains

Laxton Progress X World Record

Pod size, seed setting

30 strains

Laxton Progress X Kent Alderman

Pod size, hardiness

15 strains

Laxton Marvel X (Thomas Laxton X Phenomenon)

Resistant to certain viruses, freezing types, seed set, resistant to fusarium wilts

----------

Austrian Winter X Alderman

Genetics and breeding for resistance to Ascochyta and Mycosphaerella

Austrian Winter X Hundredfold

Austrian Winter X Perfection

Little Marvel X Progress F₁-F₃

Resistant to certain viruses

Pisum elatius

2 strains

Not fully explored

P. jomardi

3 strains

Subspecies of P. sativum

5 strains

Edible-podded

19 strains

Pure lines and varieties

300 strains

TOMATO, EGGPLANT, AND PEPPER

California

Tomato

Many hybrids

1936

Hybridization

Red Currant X commercial varieties

Resistant to bacterial canker and spotted wilt

Many varieties

Inbreeding

Commercial stocks

Uniform type for variety

Georgia

Pepper

Pimiento

1928

Line selected

Perfection Pimiento

[Blank]

Tomato

Livingston Globe

1920

Livingston Globe

Resistant to wilt

7-1-1

1926

Hybrid; line selected for resistance to wilt and leaf diseases

Globe x Burpee

Resistant to wilt, heat, and drought

22-3-1

1932

Above backcrossed to wilt-resistant strain of Globe

(Globe X Burpee) X Globe

2-3-1-1

Hybridization

Globe selection X Break o’ Day

Resistant to wilt

Iowa

----

Crossing

Earliana X Best of All

Less cracking

Hawaii

Hawaii station hybrid

1918

Horticulture department

Obscure. Hybrid between a wild currant type and a commercial variety

Shows partial resistance to melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) but has small size

United States commercial varieties

1932-35

Introduced

----------

[Blank]

2 local wild currant tomatoes

----

----------

Maryland

Strain of Red River No. 44-9

1930

Selection

Red River

Early; resistant to cracking

Minnesota

Various strains

1930-33

Breeding; introduced

Numerous

Early; productive

Missouri

Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium X L. esculentum hybrids

1935

Hybridization

Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium X L. esculentum

Studies of fusarium wilt resistance and inheritance of resistance

New Hampshire

Bonny Best

----

Selection

Bonny Best

Strain adapted for forcing

Eggplant

Unnamed

Dwarf Purple X Black Beauty

Hybridization

Earliness; adaptability to Northern States

New Jersey

Tomato^ψ

Marglobe X J. T. D. crosses

Crossing and selection

Marglobe X J. T. D

Undergoing selection for improved yield, fruit shape, color, and general high quality

Break o’ Day X Oxheart crosses

Break o’ Day X Oxheart

Marglobe X Earliana crosses

Marglobe X Earliana

Being selected for larger, smoother, high-quality, early market tomato

Tennessee

Usual commercial varieties

----------

[Blank]

Texas

B-1

1935

Hybridization

Large Cherry X Bonny Best

Sets fruit under unfavorable conditions; prolific.

377

Gulf State Market X Cherry

Sets fruit under unfavorable conditions; prolific; free from "puff"

Department [USDA]

50 Marglobe lines

1932

Inbreeding

Marglobe

Wilt-resistance studies

50 lines

1925-35

Hybridization

Marglobe and other commercial sorts

Being tested prior to release of best; wilt and nailhead resistant

125 varieties

1932

Inbreeding

European varieties

For disease-resistance and inheritance work

130 varieties

American varieties

100 varieties

1935-36

Introduction

Australian, South American, and Asiatic sources

Numerous lines

1935

Hybridization and backcrossing

Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium X L. esculentum and reciprocals

Wyoming

Denmark

1932

Denmark

----------

Desirable type and fruiting habit

Bonny Best

1930

U.S. Department of Agriculture

High quality

Bison

1932

North Dakota Agricultural College

Early

Yellow Pear

1930

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Currant

Puerto Rico

Eggplant

A-4

Hybridization

Black Beauty X Farjardo

Resistant to bacterial wilt

CUCURBITS

Arizona

Cantaloup

McDaniels Nugget

In process

Selfing individual plants and rigidly roguing each strain

McDaniels Nugget

Uniform size, globe shape, deep flesh, salmon color, deep net, high sugar

Superfecto

California

Muskmelon

Hale Best

1926-36

Inbreeding; 10-15 inbred lines being carried along

Commercial stocks

Uniformity of plant and fruit characters

Salmon Tint

Honey Dew

Honey Ball

Persian

Casaba

Many minor horticultural varieties and sub-species

One of more inbred lines

----------

[Blank]

Squash

White Bush Scallop

1930-36

10-15 inbred lines of each

Commercial stocks

Uniformity of fruit and plant characters

Giant Summer Crookneck

Giant Summer Straightneck

California

Squash

Grey Zucchine

1930-36

10-15 inbred lines of each

Commercial stocks

Uniformity of fruit and plant characters

Watermelon

California Klondike No. 1

1933

Inbreeding

Uniform fruit type; high sugar; prolific

California Klondike No. 3

California Klondike No. 8

Uniform fruit type; tough rind

Striped Klondike No. 11

1936

Uniform fruit type; high sugar

Thurmond Grey No. 46

Uniform fruit type for variety

Golden Honey No. 28

Baby Delight No. 32

Winter Queen No. 213

Peerless No. 247

Angelino No. 3

Chilean No. 7

Snowball No. 12

Stone Mountain No. 44

Long Mountain No. 216

Northern Sweet No. 251

Sun, Moon, Stars No. 265

Grey Monarch No, 260

Iowa Belle No. 542

Hybridization

Unknown

Uniform fruit type for variety; resistant to wilt

Pride of Muscatine No. 136

Inbreeding

----------

Hybrid No.7

Hybridization

Klondike X Iowa Belle

Klondike type, resistant to wilt

Hybrid No. 19

Kleckley type, resistant to wilt

Hybrid No. 16

Inbreeding

----------

Klondike type, resistant to wilt

Florida

Cantaloup

Rocky Dew

1935

From Kilgore Seed Co.

Rocky Dew

Resistant to mildew and certain leaf spots

Squash

African

1933

Plant Exploration and Introduction, U.S. Department of Agriculture

African squash

Superior eating quality and yielding ability; considerable resistance to stem-borer

Watermelon

Iowa Belle

1931

Introduced from Iowa

----------

Shows some resistance to wilt under Florida conditions

Iowa King

Iowa

Squash

Improved Table Queen

----

Inbreeding

Isolation of high-yielding inbred lines

Increased uniformity and yield and freedom from mixtures

Louisiana

Sugar Bowl

Crossing and backcrossing

Scalloped White Bush X Des Moines

Very uniform; deep teacup shape; white color; very fleshy; sweet; high quality

Maine

Cucumber

Line 155

1932

Selfing

Windermoor Wonder

Resistant to scab (Cladosporium cucumerinum)

Line 128

Longfellow

Massachusetts

Squash

Blue Hubbard No. 1

----

Selfed pure line

Commercial Blue Hubbard

Uniform fruit; high yield; good color; strain lacks roughness desired by growers

Michigan

Muskmelon

Honey Rock inbreds

1935

Inbreeding

Honey Rock

Some lines for hard shell and ropy net

3=S₅; 2=S₆

----

----------

Some lines for thick flesh and high total solids

1730 F₃

1935

Hybridization

Hale Best X Honey Rock

Thick flesh of Hales and shell and net of Honey Rock (not fixed as yet)

1734 F₂

(Hale Best X Honey Rock) X Honey Rock

More characters of recurrent parent

1739 F₆

Honey Dew X Emerald Gem

Orange flesh of Emerald Gem; shell of Honey Dew

4 F₃ lines

Honey Dew X Champlain on Hearts of Gold

Early maturing; green flesh. Honey Dew

Minnesota

Cucumber

Numerous strains

1914-36

Introduction; selection; inbreeding; hybridization

Many varieties

Pure lines for several genetic characters

Muskmelon

1932

Selection

Golden Osage

Resistant to fusarium wilt

Watermelon

1934

Hybridization

Arikara, Northern Sweet, Fordhook, Angelino, Winter Queen

Early; seed color; quality

Squash

1920-36

Introduction; selection; inbreeding, hybridization

Many varieties

Pure lines for several genetic characters

New Hampshire

Cucumber

Granite State

25-30 years ago

Hybridization

English X White Spine

Excellent forcing cucumber; thrifty grower; prolific

New York (Geneva)

Squash

Cucurbita moschata X pepo 31

1933

Japanese Pie X Early Yellow Bush Scallop

Potential disease resistance

Cucurbita moschata X pepo 32

Japanese Pie X Mammoth Yellow Bush Scallop

Cucurbita pepo X moschata 43

Giant Summer Crookneck X Japanese Pie

Cucurbita moschata X maxima 52

Quaker Pie X Banana

Cucurbita moschata X pepo 64

Japanese Pie X Delicata

Cucurbita pepo X moschata 70

1934

Bohemian (=Delicata) X Japanese Pie

Department (in cooperation with California)

Muskmelon

Numerous lines

----

American and oriental sorts

Powdery mildew resistance

Department at Beltsville, Md.

Cucumber

40 lines

Mostly since 1930

Inbreeding

Japanese and Chinese varieties

Some resistance to mosaic

50 lines

----

Hybridization

American X Japanese or Chinese varieties and reciprocals

10 lines

Inbreeding

American and oriental varieties

Some resistance to bacterial wilt

20 lines

Hybridization

6 lines

Inbreeding

Chinese and Indian varieties

Some resistance to downy mildew

5 lines

Hybridization

Chinese X American varieties

Department at Corvallis, Oreg.

Squash

Several lines

1932

Inbreeding

Marblehead

Uniform, productive, resistant to early top

1933

Hybridization

Marblehead X Beau Dessert

High quality, adapted to Northwest

1932

Inbreeding

Varieties of Cucurbita pepo

Potential disease resistance

Department at Cheyenne, Wyo.

Muskmelon

Griffin

1934

Canada

----------

Early maturity

John the Gardener

Wyoming gardener

Early maturity and quality

Vine Peach

1935

Commercial

Tartness of flavor; early maturity

Hale Best

High quality

Squash and pumpkin

New England Pie

1930

Early, and good quality

Cocozelle

Bush habit of growth

Giant Summer Crookneck

Bush habit of growth; early

Puerto Rico

Cucumber

Chinese Long

1933

Introduction

Resistant to downy mildew

35-2; 8-3-2

1935

Hybridization

Chinese Long X Early Black Diamond

CORN [MAIZE]

California

Sweet corn

Papago

1934

Associated Seed Growers, Inc.

Commercial stocks

Earworm resistant

Honey June

Texas Agricultural Experiment Station

----------

Earworm and heat resistant

California No. 1

1935

Hybridization

(Honey June X Oregon Evergreen) X Honey June

Earworm resistant

California No. 2

(Honey June X Oregon Evergreen) X Oregon Evergreen

California No. 3

(Honey June X Golden Bantam) X Honey June

Surcropper Sugar

1934

Texas Agricultural Experiment Station

----------

Florida 191

Florida Agricultural Experiment Station

Oregon Evergreen

F. Lagomarsino

Commercial stock

Dent corn

Mexican June

Aggeler & Musser

Earworm and heat resistant

King Phillip

1935

F. Lagomarsino

Earworm resistant; yellow kernels

Davis Prolific

Reuter Seed Co.

Earworm resistant

Tuxpan

Texas Agricultural Experiment Station

Connecticut (State)

Sweet corn

Connecticut 2

1933

Inbreeding

Whipple

Dark green foliage, vigorous plant, narrow kernel

Connecticut 6

Light green foliage, resistant to bacterial wilt, broad kernel

Connecticut 7

Narrow kernel, good plant and ear

Connecticut 13

1935

Golden Early Market

Very resistant to bacterial wilt. Golden Early type of ear.

Connecticut 78

1926

Red leaves (probably from Crosby)

Good quality

Connecticut 77

Stowell Evergreen

Large ear, good quality, pearly white

P39

----

(?)

----------

Good quality; adaptability; resistant

P51

Golden Bantam

Good quality; 8-rowed ear

Florida

Sweet Snowflake

1934

Recurrent backcrossing

Snowflake, Long Island Beauty

Husk protection, southern type

Alachua Sweet

1935

White Dent, Long Island Beauty

Sweet Dubose

Dubose, Long Island Beauty

Sweet Tuxpan

Tuxpan, Florida 191

Husk protection; adapted to Everglades

Sweet Oklahoma Silvermine

Oklahoma Silvermine, Suwannee Sugar

Husk protection, southern type

Sweet Trucker Favorite

Trucker Favorite, Suwannee Sugar

Husk protection, southern type; earliness

Florida King Bantam

Hickory King, Cuban Flint, Suwannee Sugar

Husk protection, southern type, Golden Bantam ear type, tender and very good quality

Illinois

22-507-806-4-104-203

Work started in 1929, and the lines listed are those showing merit as of 1935.

----------

Iowa State College No. 15 X Evergreen X Yellow Dent

These lines are all inbreds, the number of generations inbred being indicated by the number of integers in the pedigree. A great many additional inbreds are being maintained (142 inbred lines in all), but only those showing distinct merit are listed. The object is to secure single crosses able to withstand the heat and drought of central Illinois and to show a high degree of resistance to bacterial wilt. Purdue Golden Cross Bantam is not sufficiently resistant to wilt for the purpose. All the lines listed show promise. They range all the way from extremely early 8-row to late-maturing 18-row types.

81-521-818-108-7-106-206 and 207

Open-pollinated Bantam Evergreen

84-528-110-9-106-200 and 210

Open-pollinated Whipple’s Early Yellow

192-537-832-10-109-211 and 212

Purdue 1339-1-1-2-1-1-1

202-544-838-113-12-111-214 and 215

Purdue No. 25

203-545-839-13-112-216

Purdue No. 29

204-546-840-114-14-113-218

Purdue No. 34

206-548-842-115-15-114-219

Purdue No. 38

212-554-848-16-115-220 and 221

Purdue No. 1313 X 1324

5004-1 A-1-1-19-4-121-226

Illinois No. 14 X Yellow sweet

5020-1-1-1-129-234

Wisconsin (589 31 X 3) X Purdue (1339 X 1313)

5030-1-1-1-132-237

Open-pollinated Bantam Evergreen X (Purdue 1313 X 1319)

5041-1-1-1-134-239

Purdue 1339-1-2-3-1-1-1 X Iowa State College S760-1

5043-1-1-1-136-242

Purdue (1308 X 1313) X Purdue (1313 X 1335)

5044-1-1-1-137-243

Purdue (1308 X 1335) X Wisconsin 589 31 X 3

5044-1-1-1-138-244

Purdue (1308 X 1335) X Wisconsin 589 31 X 3

5050-1-1-1-141-247 and 248

Purdue (1313 X 1324) X Purdue (1339 X 1313)

5051-1-1-1-249

Purdue (1313 X 1324) x Purdue (1351 X 1313)

5055-1-2-1-252 and 253

Inbred from Purdue 21 x inbred from Purdue 29

5059-1-2-1-255

Inbred from Purdue (1308 X 1335) X inbred from Purdue 34

5061-1-1-1-257

-----------

Inbred from [Wisconsin (5939 X 4) X Purdue(1339 X 1313)] X inbred from Purdue 36

5068-2-1-2-260

Illinois Narrow Grain Evergreen X yellow sweet

5068-4-1-1-262

5068-4-1-2-263, 264, and 265

5068-4-1-3-266 and 267

5068-8-1-2-272 and 273

5068-5-1-4-275

5068-8-1-1-276

5068-8-1-3-278

9 hybrids

1935

Hybridization

Narrow Grain Evergreen X Country Gentleman

Superior yield

Indiana (in cooperation with Department)

G.B. 14

Δ1921

Pure-line selection

Golden Rod

Excellent pollinator; few suckers good quality

G.B. 51B

Δ1922

Golden Bantam

Carries factor for high yield; tall, slender plant. Good pollen parent

C.G. 22

Δ1921

Country Gentleman

Resistant to kernel infection. Produces an early top cross with open-pollinated strains. Two-ear type

C.G. 34

Δ1931

Carries factor for kernel depth

C.G. 6355

Δ1928

Stiff stalk; root rot resistant

S.E. 4-6

Δ1921

Stowell Evergreen

Productive; good seed quality

S.E. V4

Δ1928

Productive; root rot resistant

N.G. 119

Δ1921

Narrow Grain Evergreen

Deep, narrow kernel; erect; resistant to ear rots

N.G. 1014-2-5

Good root system, slender ear

Iowa

Iogold 18.39

----

Crossing of inbred lines

Sunshine inbreds

Increased yield and uniformity

Iogent 16.45; Iogent 90.45

Country Gentleman inbreds

Iogreen 123.91; Iogreen 11.63

Narrow Grain Evergreen inbreds

Maryland

About 50 inbreds

Mostly since 1930

Hybridizing sweet x dent corn followed by inbreeding. Own production

Commercial varieties

Yield and adaptability

Many inbreds

----

Commercial and research agencies

---------

For comparison

New York (State)

1927

Inbreeding

Golden Bantam

High quality; potent hybridizer

Pennsylvania

Purdue 39

1936

From Glenn Smith, Lafayette Ind.

----------

[Blank]

Purdue 51

Purdue 13391-8-1

Purdue 1351-3-1-1-2

Purdue 3-1-3-2

Purdue 1308

Purdue 8482

Purdue 14-1-2-6

MISCELLANEOUS CROPS

Minnesota

Asparagus

375 different plants, nos. 2-1 to 9-43

1932

Selection

Washington

Production and breeding records known

Carrot

36-34, 37-34

1934

selection and inbreeding

Chantenay

Uniform

Department [USDA]

Beet

Several lines

Mostly since 1930

Highly uniform inbreds from commercial varieties

Commercial varieties

Some commercial possibilities; others of genetic interest only

California

Garlic

Early or Mexican

----

Selection

Commercial stocks

[Blank]

Late or Italian

Many introductions

-----------

Through Plant Exploration and Introduction

Louisiana

Okra^ΐ

-----------

California

Onion

Stockton Yellow Globe 36-40

Selfed one generation

Stockton Yellow Globe (commercial stock)

Uniform; nonbolting

White Persian

1929

Plant Exploration and Introduction

P. E. I. No. 86279

Thrips resistant

Stockton Yellow 21-1-3-4S₄

----------

Inbreeding

Stockton Yellow (commercial)

Nonbolting

Italian Red 13-53

Selection

Italian Red (commercial)

Male sterile, mildew resistant

Lord Howe Island

Australia

Lord Howe Island

Deep red; early

Australian Brown No. 17

Inbreeding

Australian Brown

Resistant to pink root

Sweet Spanish No. 35

Sweet Spanish

Nebuka

Japan

Nebuka selection

Louisiana

Creole

Inbreeding and selection followed by intercrossing similar lines and mass open-pollination of similar lines. (Stocks maintained at Louisiana.)

Best local stocks

Excellent keeping quality; high total solids. Very strong flavor, desired by certain markets and processors. Adaptable to short-day growing conditions.

Texas

White Persian

1935

California station

----------

Disease resistant.

Crystal Wax

Selection

Individual plants

Deep; nonsplitting.

Georgia

Peanut

Improved White Spanish

1931

Tom Huston Peanut Co.

----------

Small, uniform seed of high quality.

Pearl

White seed coat; poor quality.

Carolina Runner

Resistant to disease; high yield.

Virginia Runner

Resistant to disease; large seed.

Virginia Bunch

Bunch; large seed.

Jumbo

Large seed; fairly resistant to disease.

Tennessee Red

Bunch; large pods suitable for roasting.

Basse

Resistant to disease; well filled.

West African

Resistant to disease.

Philippine White

Resistant to disease; white seed.

Kimorales

Bunch; fairly resistant to disease

Java P. L.

Bunch; said to be resistant to bacterial wilt

H13-36-66

1934

Selected hybrid

Pearl X Carolina Runner

Resistant to disease; fine hay

H19-54-13-3

1935

Improved White Spanish X Carolina Runner

H21-39-39

1934

Improved White Spanish X Virginia Runner

Virginia (in cooperation with Department)

15 selections from Virginia Runner^ϖ

1935

Selection

Virginia Runner

Large pods; hard seed hulls and superior yields

Department (in cooperation with Virginia and South Carolina)

About 250 varieties and introductions

Mostly since 1930

Mostly by introduction

Mostly through Plant Exploration and Introduction

Largely unexplored

Minnesota

Rhubarb

Various strains

1932-36

Inbreeding, selection, introduction

Several varieties

Improved color and quality

Hawaii

Sweetpotato

Black Spanish

1934

Introduced

----------

[Blank]

Red Jersey

1922

Dixie Yam

Jewel Yam

Priestly

1934

Creola

1922

Pobrico

1934

Japanese Brown

1917-22

Nancy Hall

1934

Vineless Yam

Merced

Madeira

1917

40 Hawaiian varieties

1917-35

Collected from various islands

20 hybrids

1926-29

Hand crosses of known varieties

40 open-pollinated seedlings

1934

Seed collected in field; open-pollinated

Selection for eating quality is most important object.

Maryland

Menes Moeder

1923

Introduction

Introduced from Java

High quality and marked resistance to Fusarium batatatis

Department [USDA]

High starch content. Resistant to Fusarium batatatis and F. hyperoxysporum.

254

Big Wig X (?)

[Blank]

291

About 25 varieties

Since 1919

From growers in United States

Unknown

Of commercial interest in past or at present

About 30 numbers

Foreign introductions

Of potential commercial and breeding value. Many are resistant to Fusarium.

About 100 seedlings

Since 1935

Open-pollinated seed

Female parent known

TABLE 6.—Recent vegetable breeding activities of State and Federal agencies in the United States
[Parentheses enclose names of investigators no longer connected with the institution]

State or department and crop	Nature of studies	Personnel
Alabama: Vegetables	Searching the State for superior strains or plants	C. L., Isbell
Arizona: Lettuce and cantaloup	Selection within commercial varieties for local adaptation	W. E. Bryan, M. F. Wharton
California: Asparagus	Inheritance of spear size, shape, head tightness, toughness, node size	(H. A. Jones, G. C. Hanna)
Cantaloup (part in cooperation with Department)	Inheritance of fruit size and qualitative characters, resistance to powdery mildew. Effect of inbreeding	(J. T. Rosa,* G. W. Scott), I. C. Jagger, T. W. Whitaker
Celery	Inheritance of pithiness and bolting	(S. L. Emsweller.)
Onion	Inheritance of color of flesh, scale, foliage, seed; size of seed; bolting; sterility. Cytology of Allium species hybrids. Resistance to thrips	(H. A. Jones, S. L. Emsweller)
Peas	(See Department cooperation with California)
Squash (Cucurbita pepo)	Inheritance of fruit and plant characters and fruit size. Effect of inbreeding	(G. W. Scott.)
Spinach	Inheritance of resistance to mosaic
Sweet corn	Determination of factors governing earworm resistance; nature of factor interaction in hybrid vigor by crossing inbred lines	(C. F. Poole.)
Tomato	Inheritance of fruit size; resistance to spotted wilt and bacterial canker	(O. H. Pearson), D. R. Porter
Watermelon	Inheritance of color of flesh, rind, seed coat; sugar content, rind toughness; size of seed; resistance to wilt	(J.T. Rosa*, G.W. Scott), D.R. Porter (C. F. Poole)
Colorado: Bean (snap)	Breeding for mosaic resistance and adaptability to canning in Colorado	A. M. Binkley
Lettuce	Breeding for tipburn resistance by intervarietal crossing and selection
Onion	Inbreeding and selection in Sweet Spanish for improved market type and adaptability to Colorado
Connecticut: Bean (lima)	Selection for high yield	D. F. Jones, W, T. Singleton, L.C. Curtis
Pepper	Inheritance of seedless character
Squash	Nature of hybrid vigor by crossing inbred lines
Sweet corn	Development of early, disease-resistant, high quality, productive new varieties and hybrids for canning and market through use of inbreeding, hybridization, and production of “synthetic varieties.” Inheritance of several seed, seedling, and plant characters, and study of zygotic and gametic lethals. Studies of hybrid vigor
Delaware: Cabbage	Inheritance of qualitative characters	L.R. Detjen, E. W. Greve
Florida: Sweet corn	Developing earworm-resistant sweet corn of good quality adapted to Florida by intervarietal crosses, backcrosses, and selection	F. H. Hull, W. A. Carver
Tomato	(See Department cooperation with Florida.)	[Blank]
Watermelon	Selection for wilt resistance	M.N. Walker
Georgia: Peanut	Inheritance of color of leaf and seed coat; growth habit; size and shape of seed and pods; size and shape of leaflets; resistance to cercospora leaf spots, Sclerotium rolfsii and physiological seed spot. Hybrid vigor.	N. C. Woodroof
Tomato	Intervarietal crosses for wilt resistance and adaptation to Georgia conditions	H. L. Cochran
Hawaii: Lettuce	Hybridization and selection to obtain varieties that will head well at low altitude in the subtropics	(C.P. Wilsie), J. H. Beaumont, M. Takahashi
Sweetpotato	Controlled hybridization, selection, and use of open-pollinated seed to obtain high quality, yield, and if possible resistance to weevil
Tomato	Intervarietal and species crosses and selection to obtain resistance to melon fly. Resistance to late blight and mosaic being sought.
Idaho: Bean	Development of improved disease-resistant varieties by intervarietal crossing and by pure-line selection. Inheritance of resistance to common bean mosaic.	W. H. Pierce, Leif Verner, G. W. Woodbury
Illinois: Bean (lima)	Intervarietal crosses and pure-line selection for improved yield and adaptability to Illinois conditions	W. A. Huelson
Sweet corn	Inheritance of rowing, nature of hybrid vigor in crosses of inbred lines. Production of high yield and quality sweet corn for Corn Belt conditions.
Tomato	Intervarietal crosses and selection for wilt resistance in field and greenhouse types and adaptation to high-nitrogen prairie soils.
Indiana: Tomato	Selection for wilt resistance and improved adaptability to Indiana conditions	E. C. Stair, (J. H. MacGillivray)
Iowa: Bean (snap)	Intervarietal crossing and selection for high-quality beans adapted to Iowa	A. T. Erwin, E.S. Haber
Tomato	Intervarietal crossing and selection for high-quality tomatoes adapted to Iowa
Nature of inheritance of specific qualitative factors, determination of linkage relations, inducing end studying inheritance of new variants, study of polyploid forms and cytology thereof.	E. W. Lindstrom
Sweet corn	Improving yield and uniformity through crossing of inbreds developed from commercial varieties. Inheritance of resistance to drought and bacterial wilt	A. T. Erwin, E.S. Haber
Louisiana: Collard, carrot, okra, pepper	Inbreeding and selection to obtain strains of superior market value and productivity adapted to Louisiana conditions	J. C. Miller
Cabbage, onion	Crossing of inbred lines to attain objectives stated above
Shallot, squash, tomato	Crossing and backcrossing commercial varieties to attain objectives stated above
Sweetpotato	Hill unit selection and isolation of mutants to improve stocks and obtain new sorts of specific value as for starch manufacture.	[Blank]
Maine:	Selection, crossing, and backcrossing to improve Yellow Eye type; development of blight- and anthracnose-resistant sorts. Inheritance of eye pattern, color, vine characters, seed size, and linkage relations	(F. M. Surface, K. Sax), H. C. McPhee, (F. V. Owen), I. M. Burgess,(C.R. Burnham), R.M. Bailey
Cucumber	Inbreeding and selection for resistance to Cladosporium cucumerinum	I. M. Burgess, R. M. Bailey
Tomato	Selection for earliness and resistance to cracking	R.M. Bailey
Maryland: Cantaloup, sweetpotato	Selection for quality, yield, and adaptation	T. H. White
Pea	Selection for resistance to wilt	C. E. Temple
Spinach	Mass selection for increased winter hardiness	(F. W. Geise, H. B. Cordner.)
Sweet corn	Study of natural selection in successive generations of sweet X dent corn cross. Development of varieties and hybrid sweet corns from inbreds from sweet X dent crosses. Studies of hybridization technique	W. B. Kemp, R. G. Rothgeb (A. Stabler)
Tomato	Hybridization and selection for quality, yield, and adaptation. Early work on selection for disease resistance.	T. H. White, J. B.S. Norton
Massachusetts: Asparagus	Selection and crossing selected plants to study transmission of yielding ability	Robert E. Young
Celery	Development of superior strains of Pascal through inbred selections
Lettuce (cooperation with Department)	Hybridization and selection to obtain crisp heading varieties and greenhouse types for Massachusetts.
Squash	Development of superior strain of Warted Blue Hubbard by inbred selections
Tomato	Hybridizing Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium and L. esculentum to obtain leaf mold resistance	E. F. Guba
Michigan: Beans	Crossing and backcrossing varieties to obtain higher quality, darker green, mosaic resistance, and better pod-setting in canning sorts	C. H. Mahoney, H. L. Seaton, Ray Nelson, Miriam Strong
Brussels sprouts	Inbred selections (greenhouse bud pollination) to develop strains for upland and for muck soils
Celery	Inheritance of resistance to yellows	C. H. Mohony, H. L. Seaton, Ray Nelson, Miriam Strong
Cucumber	Inbred selections for greater fruit length in National Pickle
Muskmelon	Inheritance of netting and sterility. Honey Rock inbred selections for hard rind and ropy net; for thick flesh and high solids. Varietal crosses and backcrosses involving Hale Best, Honey Dew, Honey Rock, Emerald Gem, Champlain, and Hearts of Gold for improved quality, appearance, and adaptability of specific new combinations of characters.
Radish	Root selection for short top, uniformity, shape, and color in Scarlet Globe
Sweet corn	Inbreeding, hybridization, and selection for resistance to European corn borer, tolerance to bacterial wilt, and high canning quality. Development of desirable inbred pollen parents.
Minnesota: Asparagus	Selection within Washington strains to improve yield and study transmission of yielding ability	(R. Wellington, J. W. Bushnell, W. T. Taply), F. A. Krantz, T.M. Currence, A. B. Hutchins, assisted by J. G. Leach, T. M. McCall, T.S. Weir, M. J. Thompson
Bean	Inheritance of several qualitative and quantitative characters
Brassica spp.	Genetic and cytological study of cabbage X radish and Brussels sprouts X cabbage hybrids
Carrots	Selection of superior strains through inbreeding
Cucumber	Inheritance of a number of qualitative and quantitative characters including plant height, determinate growth, and study of shape correlations
Cucurbits, other (muskmelon, squash, watermelon)	Varietal crosses and selection to develop fusarium wilt resistance. Inheritance of qualitative factors in squash
Eggplant	Studies similar to those on cucumber
Pepper	Inheritance of several qualitative and quantitative characters, studies of shape correlations
Rhubarb	Inbreeding, selection, hybridization for improving petiole color and quality
Tomato	Inheritance of growth habit, time of ripening, fruit size. Effect of polyploidy on economic characters. Study of certain linkages.
New Hampshire Eggplant	Varietal crosses and selection to obtain earlier sorts adapted to Northern States	J.R. Hepler, G. F. Potter
Tomato	Selection of locally adapted forcing strains. Study of hybrid vigor in intervarietal crosses
New Jersey: Tomato	Varietal crosses, backcrosses and selection for improving yield, color, and wilt resistance of canning types	L. G. Schermerhorn, C.M. Haensler
New Mexico Onion	Selection of Spanish types for improved quality and adaptability to the Southwest	F. Garcia
New York (Cornell): Bean (chiefly field types)	Hybridization of varieties followed by pedigreed selection for development of disease-resistant varieties. Inheritance of resistance to specific diseases. Minor attention to inheritance of other characters. (Early work on inheritance of qualitative and quantitative characters.)	W.H. Burkholder, R. A. Emerson, A. L. Harrison, D. Reddick. (M.F. Barrus, W.H. Burkholder, G. P. McRostie, R. A. Emerson)
Cabbage	Improving variety uniformity and quality by selection. Developing new and superior combinations of characters by hybridization and selection. Inheritance of color, stem length, head shape, texture, and flavor (odor). Intertype crosses involving cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, kale, kohlrabi, and wild cabbage for cytogenetic study.	C. H. Myers, W. I. Fisher
Celery	Inheritance of color; size, shape, and toughness of petioles; resistance to yellows	R. A. Emerson
Lettuce (cooperation with Department)	Selection within hybrid progenies and varieties for improved heading, quality, and tipburn resistance	J.E. Knott, (J. B. Hartmann.)
New York (Geneva): Bean (snap)	Varietal crosses to obtain mosaic-resistant improved sorts. Inheritance of mosaic resistance.	A. L. Harrison, J. G. Horsfall
Cucumber	Varietal crosses to obtain improved greenhouse types	W.T. Tapley
Cucurbita spp.	Interspecific hybrids among C. marima, C. pepo, and C. moschata to determine specific limitations within the genus and possibilities of developing new and valuable combinations of characters, including disease resistance. Inheritance of mosaic resistance.	G.P. Van Eseltine
Muskmelon	Hybridization to obtain earlier and higher quality varieties	W. D. Enzie
Pea	Inheritance of root-rot resistance	A. L. Harrison, J. G. Horsfall
Squash	Hybridization to obtain earlier and higher quality varieties	W. D. Enzie
Sweet corn	Development of new inbreds for production of superior hybrid corns for canning and market. Chemical studies of hybrids.	P. V. Traphagen
Tomato	Selection and varietal crosses for improved canning varieties adapted to the Northeast	C. B. Sayre
North Carolina: Lettuce (cooperation with Department)	Selection within hybrid progenies and varieties for improved heading, quality, and tipburn resistance	Robert Schmidt
Sweetpotato	Hill unit selection for improvement of varietal type and yield
Tomato	Hybridization and selection for resistance to bacterial wilt
North Dakota: Bean	Varietal hybridization and selection to obtain earliness, disease resistance, and improved regional adaptation. Inheritance of earliness.	A.F. Yeager, D. H. Scott
Muskmelon	Hybridizing of American and foreign forms to obtain earliness, size, quality, adaptation to the region
Physalis (groundcherry)	Varietal crosses and selection to increase earliness, yield, and improve yellow color
Squash (Cucurbita pepo)	Inheritance of hard rind, flesh color, rind color. Isolation of better adapted strains through inbreeding and selection.
Tomato	Inheritance of uniform color, determinate growth, locule number, earliness, fruit size. Varietal crosses and selection to obtain high yield, quality, and earliness in northern Great Plains area.
Watermelon	Inbreeding and selection of heterogeneous foreign introductions to obtain varieties adapted to the region
Ohio: Beet	Sib mating of inbred selections to obtain superior color and absence of zoning in cannery beets	I.C. Hoffman, H. D. Brown
Cabbage	Inbreeding and selection to obtain more uniform and productive strains of Golden Acre
Lettuce	Selection for tipburn resistance in greenhouse strains of Grand Rapids
Tomato	Selection of greenhouse strains of Marhio
Interspecific crossing and backcrossing to obtain cladosporium resistance	L. J. Alexander
Oklahoma: Sweetpotato	Hill unit selection in Nancy Hall and Porto Rico for increased yield, uniformity, and typical shape.	E. F. Burk
Pennsylvania: Cabbage	Line selection for higher yield, uniformity, and better storage quality	C.E. Myers, H. K. Fleming
Tomato	Inheritance of skin and flesh color in the Orange tomato. Varietal crossing and selection for improved earliness, fruit shape, uniformity, and yield.
Puerto Rico (University station): Cucumber	Inbreeding, crossing, and selection for downy mildew resistance and adaptation to tropical conditions	A. Roque
Eggplant	Inbreeding, crossing, and selection for resistance to bacterial wilt, for superior quality, and adaptability
Tomato	Hybridization of commercial and native varieties for resistance to bacterial wilt and for improved adaptability and shipping qualities
Puerto Rico (Federal station): Sweet corn	Inbreeding, crossing, and backcrossing sweet and native field types for resistance to stripe and to earworms; for good quality and adaptation to the Tropics	R. L. Davis
Rhode Island: Eggplant	Pure-line selection, hybridizing varietal inbreds, and selection to develop wilt resistance in good commercial types	T. E. Odland, F. K. Crandall
South Carolina: Asparagus	Selection to obtain higher yield, uniformity, and adaptation to South Carolina conditions	J. B. Edmond, L. E. Scott
Bean	Intervarietal crosses and selection to obtain increased yield, tolerance to mildew and mosaic, earliness, tolerance to adverse growing conditions in South Atlantic areas	J. M. Jenkins, Jr.
Okra	Pure-line selection for improved uniformity, quality, yield, and spineless pods	R. A. McGinty, F.S. Andrews
Sweetpotato	Hill unit selection for improved yield and uniformity	J.B. Edmond
Tennessee: Tomato	Selection for fusarium wilt resistance	(S. H. Essary), C. Sherbakoff, B. Drain.
Texas:Onion	Selection for resistance to pink root and freedom from splits	L. R. Hawthorn
Peanut	Pure-line selection for increased yield, earliness, and oil content of Spanish type	G. T. McNess
Tomato	Intertype and intervarietal crosses and selection to develop freedom from puffy fruits. Inheritance of tendency to puffiness.	J. F. Wood, L. R. Hawthorn, S. H. Yarnell
Sweet corn	Production of sweet corn adapted to Texas	P. C. Mangelsdorf
Utah: Celery	Selection for uniform type and resistance to wilt in Utah variety	A. L. Wilson
Onion	Inbreeding and mass selection to improve yield, uniformity of shape, and keeping quality in Sweet Spanish
Tomato	Selection to improve uniformity and obtain wilt resistance in Greater Baltimore and Stone types adapted to Utah conditions
Vermont: Squash	Inbreeding Hubbard squash to improve uniformity, quality, and yield	M. B. Cummings, E. W. Jenkins
Virginia: Bean	Hybridization and selection for rust resistance, high yield and quality. Inheritance of rust resistance.	S. A. Wingard
Peanut (cooperating with Department)	Pure-line selection to obtain high yielding very large-seeded strains of Virginia type	E. T. Batten, J. H. Beattie**
Virginia (Truck station): Kale	Pure-line selection for deeper green color and resistance to cold	H.H. Zimmerley
Spinach	Varietal hybridization and selection for resistance to cold, heat, mosaic (“blight"), and quick bolting; high yield and attractive savoy-leaved type	(L. B. Smith), H. H. Zimmerley
Washington: Tomato	Hybridization and selection to obtain early, locally adapted sorts	C. L. Vincent, L. K. Jones
West Virginia: Watermelon	Inheritance of resistance to certain forms of Fusarium niveum. Crossing and backcrossing nonedible resistant and edible susceptible forms to obtain edible resistant variety. Cytological studies of above material.	(L.S. Bennett), T. C. McIlvane, J. A. Rigney
Wisconsin: Bean	Hybridization and selection to obtain mosaic-resistant snap beans of high quality and adaptation to Wisconsin	J.C. Walker, W. H. Pierce
Broccoli (sprouting)	Mass selection for improved head size and uniformity	O. B. Combs
Cabbage (cooperating with Department)	Inbreeding and selection for yellows-resistant strains of the several commercial types. Determination of genetic nature and inheritance of different types of resistance.	(L. R. Jones, L. M. Blank), J. C. Walker
Hybridization and selection for increased size and earliness	J.C. Walker, R. H. Larson
Eggplant	Inbreeding and selection for club-root resistance in crucifers	O. B. Combs
Onion (cooperating with Department)	Hybridization and selection for smut resistance in onions	J. C. Walker, H. A. Jones
Pea	Hybridization and selection for obtaining more productive, higher quality, wilt-resistant peas adapted to Wisconsin conditions	E. J. Delwiche (E. J. Renard)
Inheritance of rogues	(E. J. Renard.)
Inheritance of resistance to fusarium wilt	(B. L. Wade.)
Radish	Mass selection to improve uniformity and earliness of Scarlet Globe	O. B. Combs
Tomato	Hybridization and selection to improve fruit size and fruit setting under greenhouse conditions in winter
Department of Agriculture: Bean (snap and field)	Hybridization and selection among wide range of types to obtain: (1) Curly-top resistance in garden and additional field types.	(W. W. Tracy, Jr.*), B. F. Dana
(2) Resistance to mosaic, rust, bacterial blight, and root rot in market, canning, and field types.	B. L. Wade, W. J. Zaumeyer, C. F. Poole, L. L. Harter
(3) “Multiple” resistance to all known strains of anthracnose.	C. F. Andrus
Inheritance of mosaic resistance (cooperative with Wisconsin)	(M. C. Parker)
Inheritance of resistance to rust, blight, and mosaic	B.L. Wade, C. F. Poole, W. J. Zaumeyer.
Bean (lima)	Inheritance of plant habit and seed-coat color and pattern. Varietal hybridization and selection to obtain increased setting of pods in the large-seeded types; increasing thickness and number of seeds per pod in small-seeded types; increased earliness.	Roy Magruder
Beet	Development of highly self-fertile inbred strains of good commercial type to improve uniformity and facility of maintaining varietal or strain characteristics. Inheritance of a variegated red color in the root
Crossing garden and curly-top-resistant sugar beet, and selection to obtain curly-top-resistant garden varieties	B. F. Dana
Cabbage	Inbreeding and hybridization and selection to obtain around, short-core, high quality, winter-hardy, non-bolting variety for the South Atlantic and Southeastern States. (See also Wisconsin, cabbage.)	B. L. Wade, C. F. Poole
Cucumber	Inbreeding and hybridization and selection among American and Asiatic types to obtain good commercial slicing and pickling varieties resistant to mosaic, bacterial wilt, and downy mildew. “Multiple” resistance is ultimate object.	W.S. Porte, S. P. Doolittle
Lettuce	Hybridization among American and foreign sorts, and selection to obtain: (1) Resistance to brown blight and powdery mildew and adaptability to numerous different specific southwestern and Pacific coast conditions.	I.C. Jagger, T. W. Whitaker
(2) Hard-heading properties, high quality, resistance to tipburn and adaptability to eastern United States conditions. (See also Massachusetts, New York, and North Carolina, lettuce.) Inheritance of different anthocyanin and green leaf colors, seed color, chlorophyll deficiency, and tip-burn resistance.	R. C. Thompson
Inheritance of resistance to brown blight and mildew	T. W. Whitaker, I.C. Jagger
Muskmelon (in cooperation with California)	Hybridization and selection among American and Asiatic types to obtain varieties resistant to powdery mildew and of high culinary and shipping quality for the Southwest. Inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew	I.C. Jagger, T. W. Whitaker, (J. T. Rosa* and G. W. Scott, California)
Pea (part of program in cooperation with California, 1933-36)	Hybridization and selection among available peas of the world that indicate the desired characters, to obtain: (1) Large-podded market types resistant to fusarium wilt, to Ascochyta, and to adverse climate. (2) Resistance to certain mosaics (3) Resistance to root rot Inheritance of resistance to root rot, certain mosaics, Ascochyta, and certain new fusarium wilts.	B. L. Wade, W. J. Zaumeyer (H. A. Jones, California)
Sweet corn	Development of varieties and of inbreds for production of hybrid corns. Objectives: High yield, uniformity, quality, adaptation to the Corn Belt, resistance to bacterial wilt, and specific kernel characteristics adaptable to factory use. Inheritance of quality in sweet X dent crosses. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial wilt, and of albescence.	G. M. Smith (in cooperation with Indiana)
Hybridization and selection to obtain earworm resistant varieties adapted to the Southeast	C. F. Poole
Sweetpotato	Hybridization and selection as well as growing seedlings from open-pollinated seed to obtain variants of higher yield, starch content, earliness, quality,disease resistance or adaptability to specific environments. (Cooperative with La Estacion Experimental Agronomique, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba; and Federal Experiment Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.)	J. H. Beattie, C. E. Steinbauer, W. K. Bailey (Puerto Rico), (C. de Valle, Cuba)
Tomato (part of program in cooperation with Florida)	Inbreeding and varietal and interspecific hybridization and selection for resistance to wilt, nailhead, and various leaf and virus diseases, and to cracking; for high color, adaptability to shipping, and to specific adverse environments. Inheritance of resistance to wilt.	W. S. Porte, F. L. Wellman, B. lL, Wade, C.F. Poole, (W. M. Fifield, Florida)
Watermelon (part in cooperation with California)	Study of seed size and color, flesh and skin color, size of fruit, and growth habit. Resistance to wilt, leaf diseases, weather conditions, and insect damage.	C. F. Poole, (D. R. Porter, California)

State or department and crop

Nature of studies

Personnel

Alabama:
Vegetables

Searching the State for superior strains or plants

C. L., Isbell

Arizona:
Lettuce and cantaloup

Selection within commercial varieties for local adaptation

W. E. Bryan, M. F. Wharton

California:
Asparagus

Inheritance of spear size, shape, head tightness, toughness, node size

(H. A. Jones, G. C. Hanna)

Cantaloup (part in cooperation with Department)

Inheritance of fruit size and qualitative characters, resistance to powdery mildew. Effect of inbreeding

(J. T. Rosa,* G. W. Scott), I. C. Jagger,** T. W. Whitaker**

Celery

Inheritance of pithiness and bolting

(S. L. Emsweller.)

Onion

Inheritance of color of flesh, scale, foliage, seed; size of seed; bolting; sterility. Cytology of Allium species hybrids. Resistance to thrips

(H. A. Jones, S. L. Emsweller)

Peas

(See Department cooperation with California)

Squash (Cucurbita pepo)

Inheritance of fruit and plant characters and fruit size. Effect of inbreeding

(G. W. Scott.)

Spinach

Inheritance of resistance to mosaic

Sweet corn

Determination of factors governing earworm resistance; nature of factor interaction in hybrid vigor by crossing inbred lines

(C. F. Poole.)

Tomato

Inheritance of fruit size; resistance to spotted wilt and bacterial canker

(O. H. Pearson), D. R. Porter

Watermelon

Inheritance of color of flesh, rind, seed coat; sugar content, rind toughness; size of seed; resistance to wilt

(J.T. Rosa*, G.W. Scott), D.R. Porter (C. F. Poole)

Colorado:
Bean (snap)

Breeding for mosaic resistance and adaptability to canning in Colorado

A. M. Binkley

Lettuce

Breeding for tipburn resistance by intervarietal crossing and selection

Onion

Inbreeding and selection in Sweet Spanish for improved market type and adaptability to Colorado

Connecticut:
Bean (lima)

Selection for high yield

D. F. Jones, W, T. Singleton, L.C. Curtis

Pepper

Inheritance of seedless character

Squash

Nature of hybrid vigor by crossing inbred lines

Sweet corn

Development of early, disease-resistant, high quality, productive new varieties and hybrids for canning and market through use of inbreeding, hybridization, and production of “synthetic varieties.” Inheritance of several seed, seedling, and plant characters, and study of zygotic and gametic lethals. Studies of hybrid vigor

Delaware:
Cabbage

Inheritance of qualitative characters

L.R. Detjen, E. W. Greve

Florida:
Sweet corn

Developing earworm-resistant sweet corn of good quality adapted to Florida by intervarietal crosses, backcrosses, and selection

F. H. Hull, W. A. Carver

Tomato

(See Department cooperation with Florida.)

[Blank]

Watermelon

Selection for wilt resistance

M.N. Walker

Georgia:
Peanut

Inheritance of color of leaf and seed coat; growth habit; size and shape of seed and pods; size and shape of leaflets; resistance to cercospora leaf spots, Sclerotium rolfsii and physiological seed spot. Hybrid vigor.

N. C. Woodroof

Tomato

Intervarietal crosses for wilt resistance and adaptation to Georgia conditions

H. L. Cochran

Hawaii:
Lettuce

Hybridization and selection to obtain varieties that will head well at low altitude in the subtropics

(C.P. Wilsie), J. H. Beaumont, M. Takahashi

Sweetpotato

Controlled hybridization, selection, and use of open-pollinated seed to obtain high quality, yield, and if possible resistance to weevil

Tomato

Intervarietal and species crosses and selection to obtain resistance to melon fly. Resistance to late blight and mosaic being sought.

Idaho:
Bean

Development of improved disease-resistant varieties by intervarietal crossing and by pure-line selection. Inheritance of resistance to common bean mosaic.

W. H. Pierce, Leif Verner, G. W. Woodbury

Illinois:
Bean (lima)

Intervarietal crosses and pure-line selection for improved yield and adaptability to Illinois conditions

W. A. Huelson

Sweet corn

Inheritance of rowing, nature of hybrid vigor in crosses of inbred lines. Production of high yield and quality sweet corn for Corn Belt conditions.

Tomato

Intervarietal crosses and selection for wilt resistance in field and greenhouse types and adaptation to high-nitrogen prairie soils.

Indiana:
Tomato

Selection for wilt resistance and improved adaptability to Indiana conditions

E. C. Stair, (J. H. MacGillivray)

Iowa:
Bean (snap)

Intervarietal crossing and selection for high-quality beans adapted to Iowa

A. T. Erwin, E.S. Haber

Tomato

Intervarietal crossing and selection for high-quality tomatoes adapted to Iowa

Nature of inheritance of specific qualitative factors, determination of linkage relations, inducing end studying inheritance of new variants, study of polyploid forms and cytology thereof.

E. W. Lindstrom

Sweet corn

Improving yield and uniformity through crossing of inbreds developed from commercial varieties. Inheritance of resistance to drought and bacterial wilt

A. T. Erwin, E.S. Haber

Louisiana:
Collard, carrot, okra, pepper

Inbreeding and selection to obtain strains of superior market value and productivity adapted to Louisiana conditions

J. C. Miller

Cabbage, onion

Crossing of inbred lines to attain objectives stated above

Shallot, squash, tomato

Crossing and backcrossing commercial varieties to attain objectives stated above

Sweetpotato

Hill unit selection and isolation of mutants to improve stocks and obtain new sorts of specific value as for starch manufacture.

[Blank]

Maine:

Selection, crossing, and backcrossing to improve Yellow Eye type; development of blight- and anthracnose-resistant sorts. Inheritance of eye pattern, color, vine characters, seed size, and linkage relations

(F. M. Surface, K. Sax), H. C. McPhee, (F. V. Owen), I. M. Burgess,(C.R. Burnham), R.M. Bailey

Cucumber

Inbreeding and selection for resistance to Cladosporium cucumerinum

I. M. Burgess, R. M. Bailey

Tomato

Selection for earliness and resistance to cracking

R.M. Bailey

Maryland:
Cantaloup, sweetpotato

Selection for quality, yield, and adaptation

T. H. White

Pea

Selection for resistance to wilt

C. E. Temple

Spinach

Mass selection for increased winter hardiness

(F. W. Geise, H. B. Cordner.)

Sweet corn

Study of natural selection in successive generations of sweet X dent corn cross. Development of varieties and hybrid sweet corns from inbreds from sweet X dent crosses. Studies of hybridization technique

W. B. Kemp, R. G. Rothgeb (A. Stabler)

Tomato

Hybridization and selection for quality, yield, and adaptation. Early work on selection for disease resistance.

T. H. White, J. B.S. Norton

Massachusetts:
Asparagus

Selection and crossing selected plants to study transmission of yielding ability

Robert E. Young

Celery

Development of superior strains of Pascal through inbred selections

Lettuce (cooperation with Department)

Hybridization and selection to obtain crisp heading varieties and greenhouse types for Massachusetts.

Squash

Development of superior strain of Warted Blue Hubbard by inbred selections

Tomato

Hybridizing Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium and L. esculentum to obtain leaf mold resistance

E. F. Guba

Michigan:
Beans

Crossing and backcrossing varieties to obtain higher quality, darker green, mosaic resistance, and better pod-setting in canning sorts

C. H. Mahoney, H. L. Seaton, Ray Nelson, Miriam Strong

Brussels sprouts

Inbred selections (greenhouse bud pollination) to develop strains for upland and for muck soils

Celery

Inheritance of resistance to yellows

C. H. Mohony, H. L. Seaton, Ray Nelson, Miriam Strong

Cucumber

Inbred selections for greater fruit length in National Pickle

Muskmelon

Inheritance of netting and sterility. Honey Rock inbred selections for hard rind and ropy net; for thick flesh and high solids. Varietal crosses and backcrosses involving Hale Best, Honey Dew, Honey Rock, Emerald Gem, Champlain, and Hearts of Gold for improved quality, appearance, and adaptability of specific new combinations of characters.

Radish

Root selection for short top, uniformity, shape, and color in Scarlet Globe

Sweet corn

Inbreeding, hybridization, and selection for resistance to European corn borer, tolerance to bacterial wilt, and high canning quality. Development of desirable inbred pollen parents.

Minnesota:
Asparagus

Selection within Washington strains to improve yield and study transmission of yielding ability

(R. Wellington, J. W. Bushnell, W. T. Taply), F. A. Krantz, T.M. Currence, A. B. Hutchins, assisted by J. G. Leach, T. M. McCall, T.S. Weir, M. J. Thompson

Bean

Inheritance of several qualitative and quantitative characters

Brassica spp.

Genetic and cytological study of cabbage X radish and Brussels sprouts X cabbage hybrids

Carrots

Selection of superior strains through inbreeding

Cucumber

Inheritance of a number of qualitative and quantitative characters including plant height, determinate growth, and study of shape correlations

Cucurbits, other (muskmelon, squash, watermelon)

Varietal crosses and selection to develop fusarium wilt resistance. Inheritance of qualitative factors in squash

Eggplant

Studies similar to those on cucumber

Pepper

Inheritance of several qualitative and quantitative characters, studies of shape correlations

Rhubarb

Inbreeding, selection, hybridization for improving petiole color and quality

Tomato

Inheritance of growth habit, time of ripening, fruit size. Effect of polyploidy on economic characters. Study of certain linkages.

New Hampshire
Eggplant

Varietal crosses and selection to obtain earlier sorts adapted to Northern States

J.R. Hepler, G. F. Potter

Tomato

Selection of locally adapted forcing strains. Study of hybrid vigor in intervarietal crosses

New Jersey:
Tomato

Varietal crosses, backcrosses and selection for improving yield, color, and wilt resistance of canning types

L. G. Schermerhorn, C.M. Haensler

New Mexico
Onion

Selection of Spanish types for improved quality and adaptability to the Southwest

F. Garcia

New York (Cornell):
Bean (chiefly field types)

Hybridization of varieties followed by pedigreed selection for development of disease-resistant varieties. Inheritance of resistance to specific diseases. Minor attention to inheritance of other characters. (Early work on inheritance of qualitative and quantitative characters.)

W.H. Burkholder, R. A. Emerson, A. L. Harrison, D. Reddick. (M.F. Barrus, W.H. Burkholder, G. P. McRostie, R. A. Emerson)

Cabbage

Improving variety uniformity and quality by selection. Developing new and superior combinations of characters by hybridization and selection. Inheritance of color, stem length, head shape, texture, and flavor (odor). Intertype crosses involving cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, kale, kohlrabi, and wild cabbage for cytogenetic study.

C. H. Myers, W. I. Fisher

Celery

Inheritance of color; size, shape, and toughness of petioles; resistance to yellows

R. A. Emerson

Lettuce (cooperation with Department)

Selection within hybrid progenies and varieties for improved heading, quality, and tipburn resistance

J.E. Knott, (J. B. Hartmann.)

New York (Geneva):
Bean (snap)

Varietal crosses to obtain mosaic-resistant improved sorts. Inheritance of mosaic resistance.

A. L. Harrison, J. G. Horsfall

Cucumber

Varietal crosses to obtain improved greenhouse types

W.T. Tapley

Cucurbita spp.

Interspecific hybrids among C. marima, C. pepo, and C. moschata to determine specific limitations within the genus and possibilities of developing new and valuable combinations of characters, including disease resistance. Inheritance of mosaic resistance.

G.P. Van Eseltine

Muskmelon

Hybridization to obtain earlier and higher quality varieties

W. D. Enzie

Pea

Inheritance of root-rot resistance

A. L. Harrison, J. G. Horsfall

Squash

Hybridization to obtain earlier and higher quality varieties

W. D. Enzie

Sweet corn

Development of new inbreds for production of superior hybrid corns for canning and market. Chemical studies of hybrids.

P. V. Traphagen

Tomato

Selection and varietal crosses for improved canning varieties adapted to the Northeast

C. B. Sayre

North Carolina:
Lettuce (cooperation with Department)

Selection within hybrid progenies and varieties for improved heading, quality, and tipburn resistance

Robert Schmidt

Sweetpotato

Hill unit selection for improvement of varietal type and yield

Tomato

Hybridization and selection for resistance to bacterial wilt

North Dakota:
Bean

Varietal hybridization and selection to obtain earliness, disease resistance, and improved regional adaptation. Inheritance of earliness.

A.F. Yeager, D. H. Scott

Muskmelon

Hybridizing of American and foreign forms to obtain earliness, size, quality, adaptation to the region

Physalis (groundcherry)

Varietal crosses and selection to increase earliness, yield, and improve yellow color

Squash (Cucurbita pepo)

Inheritance of hard rind, flesh color, rind color. Isolation of better adapted strains through inbreeding and selection.

Tomato

Inheritance of uniform color, determinate growth, locule number, earliness, fruit size. Varietal crosses and selection to obtain high yield, quality, and earliness in northern Great Plains area.

Watermelon

Inbreeding and selection of heterogeneous foreign introductions to obtain varieties adapted to the region

Ohio:
Beet

Sib mating of inbred selections to obtain superior color and absence of zoning in cannery beets

I.C. Hoffman, H. D. Brown

Cabbage

Inbreeding and selection to obtain more uniform and productive strains of Golden Acre

Lettuce

Selection for tipburn resistance in greenhouse strains of Grand Rapids

Tomato

Selection of greenhouse strains of Marhio

Interspecific crossing and backcrossing to obtain cladosporium resistance

L. J. Alexander

Oklahoma:
Sweetpotato

Hill unit selection in Nancy Hall and Porto Rico for increased yield, uniformity, and typical shape.

E. F. Burk

Pennsylvania:
Cabbage

Line selection for higher yield, uniformity, and better storage quality

C.E. Myers, H. K. Fleming

Tomato

Inheritance of skin and flesh color in the Orange tomato. Varietal crossing and selection for improved earliness, fruit shape, uniformity, and yield.

Puerto Rico (University station):
Cucumber

Inbreeding, crossing, and selection for downy mildew resistance and adaptation to tropical conditions

A. Roque

Eggplant

Inbreeding, crossing, and selection for resistance to bacterial wilt, for superior quality, and adaptability

Tomato

Hybridization of commercial and native varieties for resistance to bacterial wilt and for improved adaptability and shipping qualities

Puerto Rico (Federal station):
Sweet corn

Inbreeding, crossing, and backcrossing sweet and native field types for resistance to stripe and to earworms; for good quality and adaptation to the Tropics

R. L. Davis

Rhode Island:
Eggplant

Pure-line selection, hybridizing varietal inbreds, and selection to develop wilt resistance in good commercial types

T. E. Odland, F. K. Crandall

South Carolina:
Asparagus

Selection to obtain higher yield, uniformity, and adaptation to South Carolina conditions

J. B. Edmond, L. E. Scott

Bean

Intervarietal crosses and selection to obtain increased yield, tolerance to mildew and mosaic, earliness, tolerance to adverse growing conditions in South Atlantic areas

J. M. Jenkins, Jr.

Okra

Pure-line selection for improved uniformity, quality, yield, and spineless pods

R. A. McGinty, F.S. Andrews

Sweetpotato

Hill unit selection for improved yield and uniformity

J.B. Edmond

Tennessee:
Tomato

Selection for fusarium wilt resistance

(S. H. Essary), C. Sherbakoff, B. Drain.

Texas:Onion

Selection for resistance to pink root and freedom from splits

L. R. Hawthorn

Peanut

Pure-line selection for increased yield, earliness, and oil content of Spanish type

G. T. McNess

Tomato

Intertype and intervarietal crosses and selection to develop freedom from puffy fruits. Inheritance of tendency to puffiness.

J. F. Wood, L. R. Hawthorn, S. H. Yarnell

Sweet corn

Production of sweet corn adapted to Texas

P. C. Mangelsdorf

Utah:
Celery

Selection for uniform type and resistance to wilt in Utah variety

A. L. Wilson

Onion

Inbreeding and mass selection to improve yield, uniformity of shape, and keeping quality in Sweet Spanish

Tomato

Selection to improve uniformity and obtain wilt resistance in Greater Baltimore and Stone types adapted to Utah conditions

Vermont:
Squash

Inbreeding Hubbard squash to improve uniformity, quality, and yield

M. B. Cummings, E. W. Jenkins

Virginia:
Bean

Hybridization and selection for rust resistance, high yield and quality. Inheritance of rust resistance.

S. A. Wingard

Peanut (cooperating with Department)

Pure-line selection to obtain high yielding very large-seeded strains of Virginia type

E. T. Batten, J. H. Beattie**

Virginia (Truck station):
Kale

Pure-line selection for deeper green color and resistance to cold

H.H. Zimmerley

Spinach

Varietal hybridization and selection for resistance to cold, heat, mosaic (“blight"), and quick bolting; high yield and attractive savoy-leaved type

(L. B. Smith), H. H. Zimmerley

Washington:
Tomato

Hybridization and selection to obtain early, locally adapted sorts

C. L. Vincent, L. K. Jones

West Virginia:
Watermelon

Inheritance of resistance to certain forms of Fusarium niveum. Crossing and backcrossing nonedible resistant and edible susceptible forms to obtain edible resistant variety. Cytological studies of above material.

(L.S. Bennett), T. C. McIlvane, J. A. Rigney

Wisconsin:
Bean

Hybridization and selection to obtain mosaic-resistant snap beans of high quality and adaptation to Wisconsin

J.C. Walker, W. H. Pierce

Broccoli (sprouting)

Mass selection for improved head size and uniformity

O. B. Combs

Cabbage (cooperating with Department)

Inbreeding and selection for yellows-resistant strains of the several commercial types. Determination of genetic nature and inheritance of different types of resistance.

(L. R. Jones, L. M. Blank), J. C. Walker

Hybridization and selection for increased size and earliness

J.C. Walker, R. H. Larson

Eggplant

Inbreeding and selection for club-root resistance in crucifers

O. B. Combs

Onion (cooperating with Department)

Hybridization and selection for smut resistance in onions

J. C. Walker, H. A. Jones

Pea

Hybridization and selection for obtaining more productive, higher quality, wilt-resistant peas adapted to Wisconsin conditions

E. J. Delwiche (E. J. Renard)

Inheritance of rogues

(E. J. Renard.)

Inheritance of resistance to fusarium wilt

(B. L. Wade.)

Radish

Mass selection to improve uniformity and earliness of Scarlet Globe

O. B. Combs

Tomato

Hybridization and selection to improve fruit size and fruit setting under greenhouse conditions in winter

Department of Agriculture:
Bean (snap and field)

Hybridization and selection among wide range of types to obtain:
(1) Curly-top resistance in garden and additional field types.

(W. W. Tracy, Jr.*), B. F. Dana

(2) Resistance to mosaic, rust, bacterial blight, and root rot in market, canning, and field types.

B. L. Wade, W. J. Zaumeyer, C. F. Poole, L. L. Harter

(3) “Multiple” resistance to all known strains of anthracnose.

C. F. Andrus

Inheritance of mosaic resistance (cooperative with Wisconsin)

(M. C. Parker)

Inheritance of resistance to rust, blight, and mosaic

B.L. Wade, C. F. Poole, W. J. Zaumeyer.

Bean (lima)

Inheritance of plant habit and seed-coat color and pattern. Varietal hybridization and selection to obtain increased setting of pods in the large-seeded types; increasing thickness and number of seeds per pod in small-seeded types; increased earliness.

Roy Magruder

Beet

Development of highly self-fertile inbred strains of good commercial type to improve uniformity and facility of maintaining varietal or strain characteristics.
Inheritance of a variegated red color in the root

Crossing garden and curly-top-resistant sugar beet, and selection to obtain curly-top-resistant garden varieties

B. F. Dana

Cabbage

Inbreeding and hybridization and selection to obtain around, short-core, high quality, winter-hardy, non-bolting variety for the South Atlantic and Southeastern States. (See also Wisconsin, cabbage.)

B. L. Wade, C. F. Poole

Cucumber

Inbreeding and hybridization and selection among American and Asiatic types to obtain good commercial slicing and pickling varieties resistant to mosaic, bacterial wilt, and downy mildew. “Multiple” resistance is ultimate object.

W.S. Porte, S. P. Doolittle

Lettuce

Hybridization among American and foreign sorts, and selection to obtain:
(1) Resistance to brown blight and powdery mildew and adaptability to numerous different specific southwestern and Pacific coast conditions.

I.C. Jagger, T. W. Whitaker

(2) Hard-heading properties, high quality, resistance to tipburn and adaptability to eastern United States conditions. (See also Massachusetts, New York, and North Carolina, lettuce.)
Inheritance of different anthocyanin and green leaf colors, seed color, chlorophyll deficiency, and tip-burn resistance.

R. C. Thompson

Inheritance of resistance to brown blight and mildew

T. W. Whitaker, I.C. Jagger

Muskmelon (in cooperation with California)

Hybridization and selection among American and Asiatic types to obtain varieties resistant to powdery mildew and of high culinary and shipping quality for the Southwest. Inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew

I.C. Jagger, T. W. Whitaker, (J. T. Rosa* and G. W. Scott, California)

Pea (part of program in cooperation with California, 1933-36)

Hybridization and selection among available peas of the world that indicate the desired characters, to obtain:
(1) Large-podded market types resistant to fusarium wilt, to Ascochyta, and to adverse climate.
(2) Resistance to certain mosaics
(3) Resistance to root rot
Inheritance of resistance to root rot, certain mosaics, Ascochyta, and certain new fusarium wilts.

B. L. Wade, W. J. Zaumeyer (H. A. Jones, California)

Sweet corn

Development of varieties and of inbreds for production of hybrid corns. Objectives: High yield, uniformity, quality, adaptation to the Corn Belt, resistance to bacterial wilt, and specific kernel characteristics adaptable to factory use. Inheritance of quality in sweet X dent crosses. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial wilt, and of albescence.

G. M. Smith (in cooperation with Indiana)

Hybridization and selection to obtain earworm resistant varieties adapted to the Southeast

C. F. Poole

Sweetpotato

Hybridization and selection as well as growing seedlings from open-pollinated seed to obtain variants of higher yield, starch content, earliness, quality,disease resistance or adaptability to specific environments. (Cooperative with La Estacion Experimental Agronomique, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba; and Federal Experiment Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.)

J. H. Beattie, C. E. Steinbauer, W. K. Bailey (Puerto Rico), (C. de Valle, Cuba)

Tomato (part of program in cooperation with Florida)

Inbreeding and varietal and interspecific hybridization and selection for resistance to wilt, nailhead, and various leaf and virus diseases, and to cracking; for high color, adaptability to shipping, and to specific adverse environments. Inheritance of resistance to wilt.

W. S. Porte, F. L. Wellman, B. lL, Wade, C.F. Poole, (W. M. Fifield, Florida)

Watermelon (part in cooperation with California)

Study of seed size and color, flesh and skin color, size of fruit, and growth habit. Resistance to wilt, leaf diseases, weather conditions, and insect damage.

C. F. Poole, (D. R. Porter, California)

Table 7.—Vegetable breeding and improvement work in foreign countries
Note.—The limitations of this very sketchy survey are recognized. Only a part of the world’s vegetable breeding activities have been referred to, and important activities have been unavoidably omitted. These few notes, however, testify to the world-wide importance of many general problems and the determination of plant breeders and vegetable growers to obtain ever better crop plants.

Country, institution, and official	Crop	Nature of studies
Australia, Department of Agriculture of New South Wales, Sydney; H. Wenholz, director of plant breeding	Bean, broad	Adaptation studies of foreign introductions
Bean, snap	Hybridization and selection for higher yield, better adaptation and resistance to bacterial blight, anthracnose, mosaic, and dry root rot. Canadian Wonder X Refugee H. 3263 (U.S. D. A.) and Canadian Wonder X Murunga are promising unfixed early disease-resistant hybrids. Tweed Wonder X Keeney Refugee is a promising fixed early blight-resistant hybrid. New variety introduced: Hawkesbury Wonder, from Tweed Wonder X Keeney Refugee. Best yielding varieties are Canadian Wonder (standard), Hawkesbury Wonder, Staley’s Brown Beauty, and Staley Surprise. Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College; Bathurst and Grafton Experiment Farms.
Beet, garden	Selection in self-fertile and close-fertilized lines for improved quality and yield. Best lines to date are from Rapid Red, Ohio Seton and Detroit Dark Red (from United States). Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College.
Beet, silver, or chard	Selection, isolation, and testing of strains; self-fertility being sought; to improve uniformity and type of commercial varieties. Superior strains isolated from local silver beet and Lucullus. Begun 1930. Location: Yanco Experiment Farm.
Cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts	Introduction of foreign varieties, testing, strain selection and purification of adapted commercial types. No controlled pollination used, but natural hybrids utilized when of value. Location: Bathurst Experiment Farm.
Celery	Introduction of foreign varieties, testing against local varieties. Utah, Fordhook, and Pascal (commercial United States) and inbreds of Golden Phenomenal, Golden Self Blanching, and Golden Plume (California Agricultural Experiment Station) were most promising.
Cucumber	Varietal crossing and selection for improvement of uniformity and adaptability of commercial slicing and of “apple” types; inbreeding for mildew resistance; attempts to cross Cucumis sativus (susceptible) with C. anguria and C. metuliferus (resistant) failed. New variety produced: Richmond Green Apple by crossing commercial X Apple. Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College.
Lettuce	Introduction and adaptation studies of foreign varieties, followed by selection and breeding. Best introductions for winter crop, Imperial F and Imperial 615 (U. S. D. A.); for Summer, Iceberg (United States), and Imperial F. Local variety Yarrimundi is a pure green selected from an Iceberg stock; some resistance to “slimy heart.” Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College.
Muskmelon	Introduction and adaptation studies of foreign varieties (United States best source of material Spanish Gold, a Honey Dew type from France, is promising). Varietal crossing and selection for resistance to powdery mildew, using the California-U. S. D. A. mildew-resistant strains with susceptible sorts of high quality; also seeking downy mildew resistance. Location: Yanco Experiment Farm.
Onion	Objects: To obtain earlier, better storing, more attractive adapted Strains free from bolting and thick necks; also resistance to thrips and disease. Dominant varieties grown: Hunter River Brown and Maitland White. Location: Bathurst Experiment Farm and Hawkesbury Agricultural College.
Pea	Varietal hybridization and selection for good agronomic characters plus resistance to Fusarium martii and Mycosphaerella pinodes. Most promising hybrid is Yorkshire Hero X Greenfeast. Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College; Bathurst and Yanco Experiment Farms.
Peanut	Testing and selection from large number of introductions, varieties, and strains for large-seeded Jolene or Virginia type with light-pink seed coat. Important Javanese introductions of Spanish type are Toeban and Tannah. Location: Grafton Experiment Farm.
Rhubarb	Study of introductions and selection of seedlings of introductions and local varieties. South Australian Solid Red, a local variety of excellent color, is most valuable producer of promising seedlings. Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College and Grafton Experiment Farm.
Squash and pumpkin	Introduction, selection, and hybridization to obtain well-adapted high-quality varieties of uniform size and shape. Varieties released: Ideal, Satisfaction, and two introductions from the United States, Kitchenette Hubbard (Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station) and Table Queen. Location: Grafton Experiment Farm.
Sweet corn	Hybridization and selection to obtain high-yielding, vigorous-growing, high-quality sweet corn adapted to local conditions. New variety produced: Hawkesbury Sugar, from crossing dent and sweet types. Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College.
Sweetpotato	Production of seedlings from which desirable selections may be made. Seeds obtained from more tropical countries. Extensive introduction of foreign varieties. Best varieties: (Local) White Maltese, Wannop and Ashburn (introduced from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) N. 85. Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College and Grafton Experiment Farm.
Tomato	Introduction of foreign varieties and testing, varietal and species crosses and selection for following objects: (1) Early varieties for staking. Best introductions: Australian Earliana (a farmer’s selection), Break O’ Day (U.S.D.A.), and Potentate (from England). (2) Resistance to fusarium wilt, spotted wilt, and leaf mold or Cladosporium fulvum. Numerous crosses of Red Currant with commercial varieties. Some promising hybrids obtained, showing resistance to fusarium wilt: Australian Earliana X Break o’ Day and Earliana X Red Currant. Latter resistant to spotted wilt. Leafmold-resistant strains by L. J. Alexander of Ohio being used in crosses. (3) Main-crop pulping varieties. Most promising hybrid: Red Pepper X Earliana. Varieties in current use: Norana (from north coast); Newport 4 and Master Marglobe (from United States). (4) Forcing varieties. Best current varieties: Planter’s Favorite (a farmer’s selection) and Potentate (from England). Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College; Bathurst, Grafton, and Yanco Experiment Farms.
Watermelon	Selection for good market type and resistance to fusarium wilt and anthracnose. New variety produced: Wilt Resistant Thurmond Grey, by selection from variety locally called Dark Seeded Grey Monarch. Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College.
Brazil, Institute Agronomico do Estado de Sao Paulo, Campinas; C. A. Krug, head of genetics department.	Beans	Pure-line selection to improve stocks of main commercial varieties grown in Brazil. Varietal and species crosses to be made in breeding for regional adaptability and resistance to mosaic, anthracnose, and mildew (new work). Introduced foreign varieties and local sorts studied for disease resistance and other valuable characters. Hybridization and selection will follow (new work).
Tomato
Costa Rica, Department of Agriculture, Puntarenas; Alan Kelso, chief of propagation service.	----------	Selection of several wild native or naturalized vegetable plants for adapting them to economic use; tomato and a number of leaf vegetables are included.
Czechoslovakia, State Institute for Horticultural Research, Průthonice; Ing. Fr. Landovsky, chief of division for vegetable and seed production.	Cabbage	Hybridization and selection for increased earliness, yield, quality, and improved local or special adaptations. Hybridization and selection for hardiness to permit overwintering in the open field. Promising selection from hybrid F₃ of Groots X Kirnten.
Cucumber, onion	Selection for stock improvement in local varieties
Tomato	New variety produced: Průhonice, by crossing Lucullus X Tuckswood. Early, resistant to cracking, productive, high quality; for field or forcing.
Radish	New variety produced: Průhonice, by crossing Triumph X Red Globe. Early (18 to 21 days) high quality, attractive; for field or frame forcing.
Plant Breeding Institute of Fürst Lichtenstein, Lednice; Fr. Frimmel, director	----------	Studies of hybrid vigor or heterosis are in progress, and hybrid seed or "heterosis seed” of tomato and spinach are produced on a large scale.
Cucumber	Special interest in cucumber breeding. New variety produced: Zmojemska Nakladacka, a variety for the conserving industry.
Tomato	Hybridization and selection with special reference to requirements of local growers and canners. New varieties produced: (1) Blondkopfchen, by crossing Yellow Cherry X Prinz Borghese. Grown for canning. More productive than Yellow Cherry. (2) Two other varieties, not named, by crossing Lucullus X Prinz Borghese and Coopers X Ficarazzi, respectively. For canning and market.
Other vegetables	Beans for canning, red peppers, and melons at receiving attention. A number of commercial firms take special pride in their stocks of cucumbers, onions, kohlrabi, and celeriac or turnip-rooted celery.
Denmark (Reported by Niels Esbjerg, State Experiment Station, Blangsted)	----------	Research stations in Denmark are chiefly engaged in variety, strain and stock-testing, or seed-control work. Vegetable improvement work is being done by commercial agencies, the resulting strains being submitted to Government agencies for recognition before going into trade channels. State Experiment Station at Blangsted produced improved celeriac and is selecting cauliflower for cold resistance. Selection and progeny testing is principal method used, with minor attention to hybridization. Increasing work in disease-resistant selections largely on account of export trade to United States. Some Danish firms reporting improvement work: A. Hansens, Kastrup—Cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, radish, and carrot. Chr. Olsen, Odense—Cabbage, cauliflower, kale, brussels sprouts, radish, carrot, lettuce, celeriac, spinach. J. C. Helm-Petersen & Co., Aarhus—Cabbage, carrot, beet, spinach, turnip-rooted parsley. J. E. Ohlsens Enke, Copenhagen—Cabbage, brussels sprouts, kale, celery, radish, greenhouse lettuce, spinach, tomato, peas, snap beans. Hybridization work with tomato; search for “velvet spot” resistance. Hybridization with peas and beans. Hjalmar Hartmann & Co., Copenhagen—Cabbage and cauliflower. Union of Danish Cooperative Societies, Taastrup—Pure-line selection of beans and peas. Hybridization and progeny testing of cabbage, beet, and pickling cucumber. Progeny testing of onion, turnip-rooted parsley, radish, lettuce, spinach, and tomato.
England: Horticultural Research Station of Cambridge University, Cambridge; D. Boyes, director	Broccoli	Production of Roscoff types of good curd texture, disease resistance, and adaptability to specific localities in England having different weather conditions.
Brussels sprouts	Object of work, to obtain varieties with small sprouts for canning or special markets, and varieties adapted to special conditions such as fen soils.
Cauliflower	Early, winter-hardy varieties are sought.
Onion	Production of English types for spring sowing and Spanish types adapted to England
Parsnip	Production of half-long, smooth, white varieties for commercial use
Pea	Production of new sorts for canning, hardy types for fall planting, and multipodded types Improved varieties produced have been privately distributed to supporters of the work (subscribers) and are not on the market.
The Experimental and Research Station, Cheshunt; W. F. Bewley, director	----------	This station deals only with greenhouse crops.
Cucumber	Breeding for a short-necked disease-resistant variety
Lettuce	Breeding for short-day types for winter culture.
Tomato	Breeding for high yield, quality, and resistance to Cladosporium fulvum. Productions are distributed first to subscribers who support the research, later to general public. Tomato E. S. 1 and Cheshunt Early Giant lettuce are in general cultivation.
The Sealy-Hayne Agricultural College, Newton Abbot, Devon; F.R. Horne, professor of botany	Winter cauliflower or broccoli	Intervarietal and intertype hybridization to obtain succession of maturity, sorts both earlier and later than those available. Roscoff, Cornish, Angers, and Italian strains being used in breeding, although only first 2 are at present adapted to the environment. Some promising hybrid progenies.
Scotland, The Scottish Society for Research in Plant Breeding, Carstophine, Edinburgh; William Robb, director	----------	Breeding and improvement work in progress upon swedes or rutabagas
Germany: Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt für Wein-, Obst- und Gartenbau, Geisenheim; Professor Dr. Rudolff, director	Tomato	Breeding and improvement work in progress.
Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzensuchtung der- Universität, Halle; Professor Dr. Roemer, director	Brassica spp	Intertype and interspecific crosses studied with reference to fertility relationships and inheritance of specific characters with a view to possible value in future breeding work.
Beans, snap	Breeding for resistance to Colletotrichum in beans for canning
Peas	Breeding work in progress for increased yield and earliness of sweet varieties
Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Zuchtungsforschung, Muncheberg; Professor Dr. Rudorf, director	Rhubarb	Breeding work in progress for improved red color of petrioles, lower acid content, more upright growth, earliness, and disease resistance
Tomato	Work in charge of Dr. Sengbusch [sic]. Intervarietal and interspecies crosses and selection (Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium) to obtain improved earliness, freedom from fruit cracking and leaf rolling, superior eating and keeping qualities, resistance to cold and Cladosporium. Promising hybrids have been obtained and are being studied further.
Gartnerlehranstatt der Landesbauerushaft Kurmark, Oranienburg-Luisenbof; Dr. Bonhert, agricultural adviser	Kohlrabi	Breeding for late frost resistance, high quality, small leaves, earliness, is being started
Tomato	Promising results are being obtained in breeding for increased earliness, resistance to fruit cracking, and Phytophthora
Staatliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt für Gartenbau, Pillnitz; Professor Schindler, director	Asparagus	Crossing of selected parent plants followed by selection for earlier, stronger-growing, rust-resistant, tender varieties of good flavor
Caraway	Selection for improved seed setting, uniformity, earliness, bright seed color, high oil content
Dill	Selection for higher quality, improved seed setting, uniformity of ripening
Mustard	Selection for large seed, high oil content, earliness, and uniformity of ripening
Staatliche Lehr- und Forschungsanstalt für Gartenbau, Weihenstephan; Professor Bickel, director	Brussels sprouts	Improvement in winter hardiness, earliness, and uniformity of growth and bud formation
Cabbage	Improvement in growth and head formation, storage qualities, solidity, and head leaf color
Kohlrabi	Breeding whiter forcing varieties with more tender flesh, improved form, upright uniform leaves, earliness, resistance to cold
Lettuce	Breeding for two different types: (1) Very quick-growing sort for forcing in hotbeds; and (2) a larger, slower-growing sort for coldframes and open ground
Tomato (forcing)	Breeding for rounder, brighter colored fruit, higher yield, and resistance to Cladosporium. Resistance of practical value has been obtained, but improvement of fruit characters of such sorts must be continued.
Japan, Imperial Horticultural Experiment Station, Okitsu; T. Tanikawa, acting director	Asparagus	Testing and selection of promising varieties and strains. Data for 1927 to 1936
Brassica sp.	Fundamental research in genetics with special reference to sterilities, compatibilities, effectsof inbreeding and studies of hybrid vigor (1924-32)
Eggplant	Hybridization and selection for resistance to “blue rot”, improved yield, uniformity, and quality. Several promising strains obtained (1925 to date).
Pea	New work started in breeding canning varieties adapted to Japan, by hybridization and selection. Also fundamental research in genetics (1935).
Tomato	New work started for production of new varieties for Japan, for market purposes
Mexico, Instituto Biotecnico. Work at numerous locations. Reported by G. Gandara	Bean	Obtained a thick-rooted hybrid variety, Campotillo, from Spanish variety of Phaseolus vulgaris crossed with Mexican variety of P. coccineus.
Cucurbita sp	Acclimatization studies of different varieties
Tomato	Studies of factors responsible for association of red and yellow color with certain quality characteristics as sweetness or acidity
Other vegetables	Acclimatization and disease resistance studies being made on numerous local and introduced varieties of broadbean, chickpea, peanut, muskmelon, and watermelon
Norway, Government Experiment Station in Vegetable Culture, Kvrthamar, St. Jordal; A.H. Bremer, director. (This station succeeded the former institution known as The Garden Cultivation Friends Experiment Station in 1919.)	Bean, pole	Pure-line selection for early, productive green and wax pole types that can be profitably grown in Norway. Erstling only successful variety at present, yields 30 percent more than any dwarf type tested. Expect to release 1 or more new varieties in 1937.
Cucumber	Hybridization and selection for very early varieties of acceptable form and quality adapted to Norway. Commonly grown early variety, Muromsk, has low quality and good yield. Is being crossed with high-quality Russiskdrue and Reinische Vargebirge.
Lettuce	Hybridization of varieties of differing responses to day length to obtain varieties adapted to short, long, and rapidly changing day lengths
Muskmelon	Cannot be grown in the open. Hybridization and selection for varieties adapted to forcing under Norwegian conditions
Pea	Pure-line selection started by K. Weydahl in 1915 led to introduction of stocks of 6 well-adapted strains in 1922, namely, Engelsk Sabel, Witham Wonder, Ne Plus Ultra Marrow, Saxa, Burton Snabel, and Early June. Hybridization and selection for better adapted types, accompanied by genetic studies; linkage shown between tall plant and parchment in pod with 4 to 5 percent crossing over. Two dwarf large-pod, parchment-free sorts introduced in 1929—Karl Weydahl and Bremers Marrow Sugar. Bremers Early Sugar selected from Sabel X Saxa released in 1931. Numerous hybrids at hand and genetic studies in progress.
(Historical notes on Norwegian vegetable varieties based on information furnished by Prof. Olav. Moen, of the Agricultural High School, Aas.)	----------	Norwegian varietal improvement offers particular difficulties because of the far northern location and the sharp climatic contrasts existing within short distances, as coast and valley versus mountains; and windward versus leeward sides of the mountains.
Bean	Skard selected an earlier bean than Erstling from Reistad. Grau obtained Olsak by varietal hybridization, also wax beans named Oslo Taro and Smarbukk. Bergsgubber is a Norwegian selection from Nordstjernen.
Cabbage	Norwegian stocks of Amager are distinct and the results of numerous growers’ selections for adaptation to specific conditions. Various strains as Berby, Amot, Fales Blatopp, Sandveds, Toten, and others. Moens Kvitkal result of many years’ selection. Rossebo, Jatun, Stavanger Torv, and Jatunsalgets Vinterkal are results of varietal crossing.
Pea	Chr. Olsen started wrinkled-pea improvement by selection in 1830, and many of present best varieties believed result of his work, as Grimstead Gartneris, Handes, and Bakkes.
Tomato	Lund has developed an outdoor strain of Danish Export and of Hannestad, and a forcing strain of Kondine for Norway conditions
Sweden: Agricultural Experiment Station, Alnarp; Carl G. Dahl	Bean	Hybridization and selection for improved yield earliness, quality, and adaptabity to Sweden; strains 3 to 5 days earlier than any known sort obtained. also high-yielding wax sorts. All require further selection before introduction.
Brussels sprouts	Hybridization and selection for high yield and cold resistance; work in progress
Cabbage	Common X savoy cabbage crosses made for milder flavor, good storage quality, and high yield. Alnarp cabbage No. 1 and Alnarp cabbage No. 2 released to the trade
Pea	Hybridization and selection for high-quality, high-yielding. large-podded, sweet, wilt-resistant peas for home, market, and canning. Many promising lines obtained. Alnarp Sten’s No. 1 and Alnarp Sten’s No. 2, released to the trade in 1927, They are high yielding and wilt resistant. Alnarp Sabel is a selection from Sabel. Numerous strains will soon be ready for release.
Horticultural Institute of W. Weibull & Co Weibullsholms, Landskrona; H. Lamprecht, head of technical staff	----------	Selection and hybridization to obtain high-quality, early, productive varieties adapted to Swedish conditions of culture and use.
Bean, snap	Stella, selected from strain grown on an old farm in Sweden, introduced to the trade about 1925. Early, thin hull, high yield. Alabaster II obtained through pedigree selection from Swedish variety Upplands; resistant to pod spot. Express, a wax variety introduced in 1932, was obtained by crossing German variety Daddel with an unknown. Very early and high yielding.
Carrot	Regulas, a superior storage carrot, of qualities otherwise similar to Chantenay
Cauliflower	Giant Swedish No. 147. Obtained from cross of Giant Danish and an unnamed variety. Somewhat drought-resistant.
Cucumber	Perseus, developed from Rockford. Earlier and more productive
Pea	Nanna, a sugar type, obtained from cross of Furst Bismarck X a red-flowering sort similar to Gray Giant. High yield, quality, and good adaptability. Extra Rapid, selected from Rapid, which is uneven in earliness. Said to be earliest pea grown. Released in 1927. Sylva, a marrow pea, was selected from Fairbeards Nonpareil, beginning in 1918. Released in 1925. Luna, an edible podded sort, from cross of Roi des Gourmands and Witham Wonder.
Spinach	Valkyria II was selected from Valkyria and introduced in 1925. The plants are monoecious, high-yielding, resistant to Peronospora. Color somewhat light. Herta is dark green, dominantly but not completely monoecious, quick growing. Derived from cross of Valkyria and Victoria
L. Daehnfeldts and G. Hylten-Cavallius, seedsmen, Halsingborg; Ernst Nilsson, in charge	----------	Varietal crossing and selection to develop yielding, high-quality strains and adapted to conditions in Sweden. Varieties introduced to the trade as indicated.
Bean, field	Risbrinken, selected from unnamed variety. Early and resistant to pod spot. Dwarf Brown, introduced in 1933, from cross between Nordstern and a brown variety in 1919. Said to be very hardy and adapted to northern Sweden.
Bean, wax	A pedigree selection of Beurré Nain Sans Rivale adapted to Swedish conditions
Pea	Sugar types as follows: Norrlands, from Pilot X Bismarck; Early Giant, from Sabel X sane Elitsabel, from Sabel X King; Giant Sabel, selected from English Sabel; Giant Sabel Elit, from Stens X English Sabel; Kings, a selected strain of Roi des Gourmands; Improved King, from Giant Sabel X King. Numerous strains of marrow and sugar peas are in process of development, principally by varietal crossing and Selection.
Union of South Africa, Division of Plant Industry, Nelspruit, East Transvaal	Bean	Breeding for resistance to blight and bacterial wilt
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	Tomato	Breeding for resistance to wilt
----------	Unfortunately, up-to-date information from plant breeders in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics could not be obtained in time for including in this report, but it should be pointed out that they are among the most active workers in the field today. Special emphasis has been placed on thorough exploration of all promising parts of the world for obtaining varieties and breeding material of value. Very extensive programs are in progress at numerous locations for studying introduced materials in detail and for large-scale hybridization and selection work. Large resources and great energy are being devoted to this work. There is no doubt that results of considerable practical and scientific importance are being obtained.

Country, institution, and official

Crop

Nature of studies

Australia, Department of Agriculture of New South Wales, Sydney; H. Wenholz, director of plant breeding

Bean, broad

Adaptation studies of foreign introductions

Bean, snap

Hybridization and selection for higher yield, better adaptation and resistance to bacterial blight, anthracnose, mosaic, and dry root rot.
Canadian Wonder X Refugee H. 3263 (U.S. D. A.) and Canadian Wonder X Murunga are promising unfixed early disease-resistant hybrids.
Tweed Wonder X Keeney Refugee is a promising fixed early blight-resistant hybrid.
New variety introduced: Hawkesbury Wonder, from Tweed Wonder X Keeney Refugee.
Best yielding varieties are Canadian Wonder (standard), Hawkesbury Wonder, Staley’s Brown Beauty, and Staley Surprise.
Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College; Bathurst and Grafton Experiment Farms.

Beet, garden

Selection in self-fertile and close-fertilized lines for improved quality and yield.
Best lines to date are from Rapid Red, Ohio Seton and Detroit Dark Red (from United States).
Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College.

Beet, silver, or chard

Selection, isolation, and testing of strains; self-fertility being sought; to improve uniformity and type of commercial varieties.
Superior strains isolated from local silver beet and Lucullus. Begun 1930.
Location: Yanco Experiment Farm.

Cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts

Introduction of foreign varieties, testing, strain selection and purification of adapted commercial types. No controlled pollination used, but natural hybrids utilized when of value.
Location: Bathurst Experiment Farm.

Celery

Introduction of foreign varieties, testing against local varieties. Utah, Fordhook, and Pascal (commercial United States) and inbreds of Golden Phenomenal, Golden Self Blanching, and Golden Plume (California Agricultural Experiment Station) were most promising.

Cucumber

Varietal crossing and selection for improvement of uniformity and adaptability of commercial slicing and of “apple” types; inbreeding for mildew resistance; attempts to cross Cucumis sativus (susceptible) with C. anguria and C. metuliferus (resistant) failed.
New variety produced: Richmond Green Apple by crossing commercial X Apple.
Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College.

Lettuce

Introduction and adaptation studies of foreign varieties, followed by selection and breeding.
Best introductions for winter crop, Imperial F and Imperial 615 (U. S. D. A.); for Summer, Iceberg (United States), and Imperial F. Local variety Yarrimundi is a pure green selected from an Iceberg stock; some resistance to “slimy heart.”
Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College.

Muskmelon

Introduction and adaptation studies of foreign varieties (United States best source of material Spanish Gold, a Honey Dew type from France, is promising). Varietal crossing and selection for resistance to powdery mildew, using the California-U. S. D. A. mildew-resistant strains with susceptible sorts of high quality; also seeking downy mildew resistance.
Location: Yanco Experiment Farm.

Onion

Objects: To obtain earlier, better storing, more attractive adapted Strains free from bolting and thick necks; also resistance to thrips and disease.
Dominant varieties grown: Hunter River Brown and Maitland White.
Location: Bathurst Experiment Farm and Hawkesbury Agricultural College.

Pea

Varietal hybridization and selection for good agronomic characters plus resistance to Fusarium martii and Mycosphaerella pinodes.
Most promising hybrid is Yorkshire Hero X Greenfeast.
Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College; Bathurst and Yanco Experiment Farms.

Peanut

Testing and selection from large number of introductions, varieties, and strains for large-seeded Jolene or Virginia type with light-pink seed coat.
Important Javanese introductions of Spanish type are Toeban and Tannah.
Location: Grafton Experiment Farm.

Rhubarb

Study of introductions and selection of seedlings of introductions and local varieties.
South Australian Solid Red, a local variety of excellent color, is most valuable producer of promising seedlings.
Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College and Grafton Experiment Farm.

Squash and pumpkin

Introduction, selection, and hybridization to obtain well-adapted high-quality varieties of uniform size and shape.
Varieties released: Ideal, Satisfaction, and two introductions from the United States, Kitchenette Hubbard (Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station) and Table Queen.
Location: Grafton Experiment Farm.

Sweet corn

Hybridization and selection to obtain high-yielding, vigorous-growing, high-quality sweet corn adapted to local conditions.
New variety produced: Hawkesbury Sugar, from crossing dent and sweet types.
Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College.

Sweetpotato

Production of seedlings from which desirable selections may be made. Seeds obtained from more tropical countries. Extensive introduction of foreign varieties.
Best varieties: (Local) White Maltese, Wannop and Ashburn (introduced from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) N. 85.
Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College and Grafton Experiment Farm.

Tomato

Introduction of foreign varieties and testing, varietal and species crosses and selection for following objects:
(1) Early varieties for staking.
Best introductions: Australian Earliana (a farmer’s selection), Break O’ Day (U.S.D.A.), and Potentate (from England).
(2) Resistance to fusarium wilt, spotted wilt, and leaf mold or Cladosporium fulvum. Numerous crosses of Red Currant with commercial varieties.
Some promising hybrids obtained, showing resistance to fusarium wilt: Australian Earliana X Break o’ Day and Earliana X Red Currant. Latter resistant to spotted wilt. Leafmold-resistant strains by L. J. Alexander of Ohio being used in crosses.
(3) Main-crop pulping varieties.
Most promising hybrid: Red Pepper X Earliana. Varieties in current use: Norana (from north coast); Newport 4 and Master Marglobe (from United States).
(4) Forcing varieties.
Best current varieties: Planter’s Favorite (a farmer’s selection) and Potentate (from England).
Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College; Bathurst, Grafton, and Yanco Experiment Farms.

Watermelon

Selection for good market type and resistance to fusarium wilt and anthracnose. New variety produced: Wilt Resistant Thurmond Grey, by selection from variety locally called Dark Seeded Grey Monarch.
Location: Hawkesbury Agricultural College.

Brazil, Institute Agronomico do Estado de Sao Paulo, Campinas; C. A. Krug, head of genetics department.

Beans

Pure-line selection to improve stocks of main commercial varieties grown in Brazil. Varietal and species crosses to be made in breeding for regional adaptability and resistance to mosaic, anthracnose, and mildew (new work). Introduced foreign varieties and local sorts studied for disease resistance and other valuable characters. Hybridization and selection will follow (new work).

Tomato

Costa Rica, Department of Agriculture, Puntarenas; Alan Kelso, chief of propagation service.

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Selection of several wild native or naturalized vegetable plants for adapting them to economic use; tomato and a number of leaf vegetables are included.

Czechoslovakia, State Institute for Horticultural Research, Průthonice; Ing. Fr. Landovsky, chief of division for vegetable and seed production.

Cabbage

Hybridization and selection for increased earliness, yield, quality, and improved local or special adaptations. Hybridization and selection for hardiness to permit overwintering in the open field. Promising selection from hybrid F₃ of Groots X Kirnten.

Cucumber, onion

Selection for stock improvement in local varieties

Tomato

New variety produced: Průhonice, by crossing Lucullus X Tuckswood. Early, resistant to cracking, productive, high quality; for field or forcing.

Radish

New variety produced: Průhonice, by crossing Triumph X Red Globe. Early (18 to 21 days) high quality, attractive; for field or frame forcing.

Plant Breeding Institute of Fürst Lichtenstein, Lednice; Fr. Frimmel, director

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Studies of hybrid vigor or heterosis are in progress, and hybrid seed or "heterosis seed” of tomato and spinach are produced on a large scale.

Cucumber

Special interest in cucumber breeding. New variety produced: Zmojemska Nakladacka, a variety for the conserving industry.

Tomato

Hybridization and selection with special reference to requirements of local growers and canners.
New varieties produced: (1) Blondkopfchen, by crossing Yellow Cherry X Prinz Borghese. Grown for canning. More productive than Yellow Cherry.
(2) Two other varieties, not named, by crossing Lucullus X Prinz Borghese and Coopers X Ficarazzi, respectively. For canning and market.

Other vegetables

Beans for canning, red peppers, and melons at receiving attention. A number of commercial firms take special pride in their stocks of cucumbers, onions, kohlrabi, and celeriac or turnip-rooted celery.

Denmark (Reported by Niels Esbjerg, State Experiment Station, Blangsted)

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Research stations in Denmark are chiefly engaged in variety, strain and stock-testing, or seed-control work. Vegetable improvement work is being done by commercial agencies, the resulting strains being submitted to Government agencies for recognition before going into trade channels. State Experiment Station at Blangsted produced improved celeriac and is selecting cauliflower for cold resistance.
Selection and progeny testing is principal method used, with minor attention to hybridization. Increasing work in disease-resistant selections largely on account of export trade to United States. Some Danish firms reporting improvement work:
A. Hansens, Kastrup—Cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, radish, and carrot.
Chr. Olsen, Odense—Cabbage, cauliflower, kale, brussels sprouts, radish, carrot, lettuce, celeriac, spinach.
J. C. Helm-Petersen & Co., Aarhus—Cabbage, carrot, beet, spinach, turnip-rooted parsley.
J. E. Ohlsens Enke, Copenhagen—Cabbage, brussels sprouts, kale, celery, radish, greenhouse lettuce, spinach, tomato, peas, snap beans. Hybridization work with tomato; search for “velvet spot” resistance. Hybridization with peas and beans.
Hjalmar Hartmann & Co., Copenhagen—Cabbage and cauliflower.
Union of Danish Cooperative Societies, Taastrup—Pure-line selection of beans and peas. Hybridization and progeny testing of cabbage, beet, and pickling cucumber. Progeny testing of onion, turnip-rooted parsley, radish, lettuce, spinach, and tomato.

England:
Horticultural Research Station of Cambridge University, Cambridge; D. Boyes, director

Broccoli

Production of Roscoff types of good curd texture, disease resistance, and adaptability to specific localities in England having different weather conditions.

Brussels sprouts

Object of work, to obtain varieties with small sprouts for canning or special markets, and varieties adapted to special conditions such as fen soils.

Cauliflower

Early, winter-hardy varieties are sought.

Onion

Production of English types for spring sowing and Spanish types adapted to England

Parsnip

Production of half-long, smooth, white varieties for commercial use

Pea

Production of new sorts for canning, hardy types for fall planting, and multipodded types
Improved varieties produced have been privately distributed to supporters of the work (subscribers) and are not on the market.

The Experimental and Research Station, Cheshunt; W. F. Bewley, director

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This station deals only with greenhouse crops.

Cucumber

Breeding for a short-necked disease-resistant variety

Lettuce

Breeding for short-day types for winter culture.

Tomato

Breeding for high yield, quality, and resistance to Cladosporium fulvum.
Productions are distributed first to subscribers who support the research, later to general public.
Tomato E. S. 1 and Cheshunt Early Giant lettuce are in general cultivation.

The Sealy-Hayne Agricultural College, Newton Abbot, Devon; F.R. Horne, professor of botany

Winter cauliflower or broccoli

Intervarietal and intertype hybridization to obtain succession of maturity, sorts both earlier and later than those available. Roscoff, Cornish, Angers, and Italian strains being used in breeding, although only first 2 are at present adapted to the environment. Some promising hybrid progenies.

Scotland, The Scottish Society for Research in Plant Breeding, Carstophine, Edinburgh; William Robb, director

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Breeding and improvement work in progress upon swedes or rutabagas

Germany:
Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt für Wein-, Obst- und Gartenbau, Geisenheim; Professor Dr. Rudolff, director

Tomato

Breeding and improvement work in progress.

Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzensuchtung der- Universität, Halle; Professor Dr. Roemer, director

Brassica spp

Intertype and interspecific crosses studied with reference to fertility relationships and inheritance of specific characters with a view to possible value in future breeding work.

Beans, snap

Breeding for resistance to Colletotrichum in beans for canning

Peas

Breeding work in progress for increased yield and earliness of sweet varieties

Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Zuchtungsforschung, Muncheberg; Professor Dr. Rudorf, director

Rhubarb

Breeding work in progress for improved red color of petrioles, lower acid content, more upright growth, earliness, and disease resistance

Tomato

Work in charge of Dr. Sengbusch [sic]. Intervarietal and interspecies crosses and selection (Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium) to obtain improved earliness, freedom from fruit cracking and leaf rolling, superior eating and keeping qualities, resistance to cold and Cladosporium. Promising hybrids have been obtained and are being studied further.

Gartnerlehranstatt der Landesbauerushaft Kurmark, Oranienburg-Luisenbof; Dr. Bonhert, agricultural adviser

Kohlrabi

Breeding for late frost resistance, high quality, small leaves, earliness, is being started

Tomato

Promising results are being obtained in breeding for increased earliness, resistance to fruit cracking, and Phytophthora

Staatliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt für Gartenbau, Pillnitz; Professor Schindler, director

Asparagus

Crossing of selected parent plants followed by selection for earlier, stronger-growing, rust-resistant, tender varieties of good flavor

Caraway

Selection for improved seed setting, uniformity, earliness, bright seed color, high oil content

Dill

Selection for higher quality, improved seed setting, uniformity of ripening

Mustard

Selection for large seed, high oil content, earliness, and uniformity of ripening

Staatliche Lehr- und Forschungsanstalt für Gartenbau, Weihenstephan; Professor Bickel, director

Brussels sprouts

Improvement in winter hardiness, earliness, and uniformity of growth and bud formation

Cabbage

Improvement in growth and head formation, storage qualities, solidity, and head leaf color

Kohlrabi

Breeding whiter forcing varieties with more tender flesh, improved form, upright uniform leaves, earliness, resistance to cold

Lettuce

Breeding for two different types: (1) Very quick-growing sort for forcing in hotbeds; and (2) a larger, slower-growing sort for coldframes and open ground

Tomato (forcing)

Breeding for rounder, brighter colored fruit, higher yield, and resistance to Cladosporium. Resistance of practical value has been obtained, but improvement of fruit characters of such sorts must be continued.

Japan, Imperial Horticultural Experiment Station, Okitsu; T. Tanikawa, acting director

Asparagus

Testing and selection of promising varieties and strains. Data for 1927 to 1936

Brassica sp.

Fundamental research in genetics with special reference to sterilities, compatibilities, effectsof inbreeding and studies of hybrid vigor (1924-32)

Eggplant

Hybridization and selection for resistance to “blue rot”, improved yield, uniformity, and quality. Several promising strains obtained (1925 to date).

Pea

New work started in breeding canning varieties adapted to Japan, by hybridization and selection. Also fundamental research in genetics (1935).

Tomato

New work started for production of new varieties for Japan, for market purposes

Mexico, Instituto Biotecnico. Work at numerous locations. Reported by G. Gandara

Bean

Obtained a thick-rooted hybrid variety, Campotillo, from Spanish variety of Phaseolus vulgaris crossed with Mexican variety of P. coccineus.

Cucurbita sp

Acclimatization studies of different varieties

Tomato

Studies of factors responsible for association of red and yellow color with certain quality characteristics as sweetness or acidity

Other vegetables

Acclimatization and disease resistance studies being made on numerous local and introduced varieties of broadbean, chickpea, peanut, muskmelon, and watermelon

Norway, Government Experiment Station in Vegetable Culture, Kvrthamar, St. Jordal; A.H. Bremer, director. (This station succeeded the former institution known as The Garden Cultivation Friends Experiment Station in 1919.)

Bean, pole

Pure-line selection for early, productive green and wax pole types that can be profitably grown in Norway. Erstling only successful variety at present, yields 30 percent more than any dwarf type tested. Expect to release 1 or more new varieties in 1937.

Cucumber

Hybridization and selection for very early varieties of acceptable form and quality adapted to Norway. Commonly grown early variety, Muromsk, has low quality and good yield. Is being crossed with high-quality Russiskdrue and Reinische Vargebirge.

Lettuce

Hybridization of varieties of differing responses to day length to obtain varieties adapted to short, long, and rapidly changing day lengths

Muskmelon

Cannot be grown in the open. Hybridization and selection for varieties adapted to forcing under Norwegian conditions

Pea

Pure-line selection started by K. Weydahl in 1915 led to introduction of stocks of 6 well-adapted strains in 1922, namely, Engelsk Sabel, Witham Wonder, Ne Plus Ultra Marrow, Saxa, Burton Snabel, and Early June.
Hybridization and selection for better adapted types, accompanied by genetic studies; linkage shown between tall plant and parchment in pod with 4 to 5 percent crossing over. Two dwarf large-pod, parchment-free sorts introduced in 1929—Karl Weydahl and Bremers Marrow Sugar.
Bremers Early Sugar selected from Sabel X Saxa released in 1931. Numerous hybrids at hand and genetic studies in progress.

(Historical notes on Norwegian vegetable varieties based on information furnished by Prof. Olav. Moen, of the Agricultural High School, Aas.)

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Norwegian varietal improvement offers particular difficulties because of the far northern location and the sharp climatic contrasts existing within short distances, as coast and valley versus mountains; and windward versus leeward sides of the mountains.

Bean

Skard selected an earlier bean than Erstling from Reistad. Grau obtained Olsak by varietal hybridization, also wax beans named Oslo Taro and Smarbukk. Bergsgubber is a Norwegian selection from Nordstjernen.

Cabbage

Norwegian stocks of Amager are distinct and the results of numerous growers’ selections for adaptation to specific conditions. Various strains as Berby, Amot, Fales Blatopp, Sandveds, Toten, and others. Moens Kvitkal result of many years’ selection. Rossebo, Jatun, Stavanger Torv, and Jatunsalgets Vinterkal are results of varietal crossing.

Pea

Chr. Olsen started wrinkled-pea improvement by selection in 1830, and many of present best varieties believed result of his work, as Grimstead Gartneris, Handes, and Bakkes.

Tomato

Lund has developed an outdoor strain of Danish Export and of Hannestad, and a forcing strain of Kondine for Norway conditions

Sweden:
Agricultural Experiment Station, Alnarp; Carl G. Dahl

Bean

Hybridization and selection for improved yield earliness, quality, and adaptabity to Sweden; strains 3 to 5 days earlier than any known sort obtained. also high-yielding wax sorts. All require further selection before introduction.

Brussels sprouts

Hybridization and selection for high yield and cold resistance; work in progress

Cabbage

Common X savoy cabbage crosses made for milder flavor, good storage quality, and high yield. Alnarp cabbage No. 1 and Alnarp cabbage No. 2 released to the trade

Pea

Hybridization and selection for high-quality, high-yielding. large-podded, sweet, wilt-resistant peas for home, market, and canning. Many promising lines obtained. Alnarp Sten’s No. 1 and Alnarp Sten’s No. 2, released to the trade in 1927, They are high yielding and wilt resistant. Alnarp Sabel is a selection from Sabel. Numerous strains will soon be ready for release.

Horticultural Institute of W. Weibull & Co Weibullsholms, Landskrona; H. Lamprecht, head of technical staff

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Selection and hybridization to obtain high-quality, early, productive varieties adapted to Swedish conditions of culture and use.

Bean, snap

Stella, selected from strain grown on an old farm in Sweden, introduced to the trade about 1925. Early, thin hull, high yield. Alabaster II obtained through pedigree selection from Swedish variety Upplands; resistant to pod spot. Express, a wax variety introduced in 1932, was obtained by crossing German variety Daddel with an unknown. Very early and high yielding.

Carrot

Regulas, a superior storage carrot, of qualities otherwise similar to Chantenay

Cauliflower

Giant Swedish No. 147. Obtained from cross of Giant Danish and an unnamed variety. Somewhat drought-resistant.

Cucumber

Perseus, developed from Rockford. Earlier and more productive

Pea

Nanna, a sugar type, obtained from cross of Furst Bismarck X a red-flowering sort similar to Gray Giant. High yield, quality, and good adaptability. Extra Rapid, selected from Rapid, which is uneven in earliness. Said to be earliest pea grown. Released in 1927. Sylva, a marrow pea, was selected from Fairbeards Nonpareil, beginning in 1918. Released in 1925. Luna, an edible podded sort, from cross of Roi des Gourmands and Witham Wonder.

Spinach

Valkyria II was selected from Valkyria and introduced in 1925. The plants are monoecious, high-yielding, resistant to Peronospora. Color somewhat light. Herta is dark green, dominantly but not completely monoecious, quick growing. Derived from cross of Valkyria and Victoria

L. Daehnfeldts and G. Hylten-Cavallius, seedsmen, Halsingborg; Ernst Nilsson, in charge

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Varietal crossing and selection to develop yielding, high-quality strains and adapted to conditions in Sweden. Varieties introduced to the trade as indicated.

Bean, field

Risbrinken, selected from unnamed variety. Early and resistant to pod spot. Dwarf Brown, introduced in 1933, from cross between Nordstern and a brown variety in 1919. Said to be very hardy and adapted to northern Sweden.

Bean, wax

A pedigree selection of Beurré Nain Sans Rivale adapted to Swedish conditions

Pea

Sugar types as follows: Norrlands, from Pilot X Bismarck; Early Giant, from Sabel X sane Elitsabel, from Sabel X King; Giant Sabel, selected from English Sabel; Giant Sabel Elit, from Stens X English Sabel; Kings, a selected strain of Roi des Gourmands; Improved King, from Giant Sabel X King. Numerous strains of marrow and sugar peas are in process of development, principally by varietal crossing and Selection.

Union of South Africa, Division of Plant Industry, Nelspruit, East Transvaal

Bean

Breeding for resistance to blight and bacterial wilt

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Tomato

Breeding for resistance to wilt

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Unfortunately, up-to-date information from plant breeders in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics could not be obtained in time for including in this report, but it should be pointed out that they are among the most active workers in the field today. Special emphasis has been placed on thorough exploration of all promising parts of the world for obtaining varieties and breeding material of value. Very extensive programs are in progress at numerous locations for studying introduced materials in detail and for large-scale hybridization and selection work. Large resources and great energy are being devoted to this work. There is no doubt that results of considerable practical and scientific importance are being obtained.