Admirable. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:11. 1907.
Resembles Fay. Plants moderately vigorous, unproductive.

Angers. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 24. 1883. Fertile dyAngers. 2. Gen. Farmer 22:2 7. 1861.
This variety, of unknown origin, dates back for three-quarters of a century. The American Pomological Society held this variety in the list of recommended fruits from 1860 to 1893. Plants very productive; bunches of medium size; berries large, bright red; good.

Attractor. 1. Horticulturist 9:11. 1854.
This variety originated in France. It was placed in the fruit catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1862; removed nine years later. Plants moderately vigorous, spreading, productive; foliage deeply lobed, sharply and deeply serrated; fruit of medium size, yellowish white; bunches short, medium in size.

Bar le Due. 1. Fest. Pom. Inst. Reut. 34. 1911. 2. Bunyard Cat. 27. 1923.
A valuable variety much grown at Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, France, for preservation, and the making of a most delicious jelly. Plants vigorous; fruit large, white, translucent with but few seeds; sweet.

Belle de Fontenay. 1. Rural N. Y. 10:255. 1859.
Once grown in France and used by French horticulturists in the breeding of currants. Fruit large, red; good.

Benwell. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:11. 1907.
Plants moderately vigorous, productive; bunches of medium size, loose; berries small, bright scarlet, very acid; quality fair; midseason.

Blanche de Verrieres. 1. Guide Prat. 23. 1895. Verrieres White. 2. Can. Cent Exp. Farm Bul. 56:14. 1907.
Plants vigorous, upright, moderately productive; fruit medium in size, in long, well-fllled clusters; skin pale yellow; flesh juicy, sprightly subacid; good.

Boston Lady. 1. Gard. Mon. 2:250. 1860.
Plants vigorous, very productive; fruit very large, white; flesh richly flavored, sweet; good; late.

Brayley. 1. Ont. Dept. Agr. Fr. Ont. 265. 1914. Brayley's Seedling. 2. Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt. 116. 1904.
Origin unknown. Plants upright, spreading, vigorous, healthy, hardy, not very productive; bunches long, straggling, loose; berries of medium size, dark red, sprightly acid; k midseason. v

Buist Long-bunched, 1. Puller Sm. Fr. Cult. 204. 1867.
Supposed to be a seedling of Red Dutch which was originated by Robert Buist, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Plants vigorous, upright, productive; fruit large, deep red; bunches long, tapering, similar to Red Dutch in flavor and color.

Cancasische. 1. Dochnahl Fuhr. Obstkunde 4:182. 1860. 2. Card. Chron. 3rd Ser. 62:217. 1917.
Origin unknown. Plants vigorous, unproductive; bunches medium; berries medium in size, red, mildly subacid; midseason.

Caywood Seedling. 1. N.Y. Sta. Bul. 95:427, PL IV, fig. 14. 1895.
Received at this Station from A. J. Caywood et Son, Marlboro, New York, in 1888. Plants spreading or drooping, very productive; bunches of medium size; berries large, pale greenish yellow, transparent; good; more acid than White Grape.

Champagne. 1. Mawe-Abercrombie Univ. Gard. Bot. 1778. 2. Fuller Sm. Fr, Cult. 204. 1867. Groseillier hGros Fruit. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 94. 1862. Coleur de Chair. 4. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:267. 1768.
This old variety is probably a cross between the common red and the common white currants. The wood and foliage are very similar to that of the common red. The American Pomological Society included the variety in its fruit catalog from 1862 to 1871. Plants vigorous, productive; bunches medium in length, loose; berries large, pale pink, rather acid; late. Esteemed in France for making jelly.

Champagne White. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:14. 1907.
Plants vigorous, upright, moderately productive; bunches medium to long, half-filled; berries medium to large, pale yellow, subacid, with a pleasant flavor; good; midseason.

Champion. 1. N. Y. Sta. Bul. 95:427. 1895.
As grown at this Station the plants are upright, vigorous; bunches of medium length; berries variable, small to large, a shade lighter in color than White Dutch, flavor mild; inferior to White Dutch.

Chautauqua. 1. W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 26. 1904. 2. N. Y. Sta. Bul. 385:311. 1914. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:327. 1923. Chautauqua Climbing. 4. Rural N. Y. 61:848. 1902.
The long growth of the canes of this variety can be trained against a wall or trellis until they reach a height of ten or twelve feet. This character accounts for the synonym, Chautauqua Climbing. The variety is among the best in a collection of forty sorts on the grounds of this Station. The plants are vigorous, healthy and very productive. The clusters are unusually long, with stems free from berries at the base, and therefore easy to pick. The berries are large, handsome, light red, high in quality, and hang long after ripening. All in all, however, chiefly because of the unmanageable canes, the variety cannot be recommended for commercial plantations, but may be desirable for trellises or fences in home gardens. This currant is a chance seedling found in the woods by R. F. Lonnen, Mayville, New York, about 1893. The variety was introduced by the Curtice Nursery Company, Portland, New York, about 1901.
Plants large, vigorous, upright-spreading, dense, very productive, healthy; young shoots rather few, stocky, dark brown overlaid with dull gray; leaf-buds characteristically very small, short, pointed, lean, appressed, glabrous; leaves cordate to subcordate at the base, with obtuse lobes, thin, dark green, dull, rugose, glabrous, with crenate margins; petiole medium in length and thickness, pubescent, greenish. Flowers early, in long, drooping, many-flowered racemes; calyx-tube green, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes sometimes overlapping, yellowish green; ring of medium size, well developed, fleshy; ovary glabrous. Fruit midseason, easily picked; clusters long, loose, with 15-24 berries; cluster-stems and berry-stems long, slender; berries adhere well after ripening, medium to large, roundish or slightly oblate, attractive, light, bright red; skin smooth, thin, tough, translucent; flesh moderately juicy, sprightly to tart; quality very good.

Chenonceau. 1. Guide Prat. 22. "1895. 2* Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 62:217. 1917.
A distinct form of the Versailles type, having shorter bunches and ripening later. Of little merit.

Cherry. 1. Mag. Hort. 21:425, fig. 19. 1855. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 318. 1884. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:328, 365. 1923. Cerise. 4. Horticulturist 1:439. 1846-47. Macrocarpa. 5. Mag. Hort. 25:32. 1859. Groseille Cerise. 6. Pom. France. 8:No. 1, PL 1. 1873.
Perhaps this is the most popular currant for home and market use in America. It is esteemed for its large bunches and berries, and its vigorous, healthy plants. Cherry is generally considered the most productive of the large-fruited red currants. The berries, as the color plate shows, are beautiful bright red, of largest size, which, however, is not always uniform. The fruits are juicy and of excellent quality, from which the large seeds detract a little. In many localities the plants do not sucker freely, so that the bushes sometimes have too few stalks. There is, also, a tendency in the canes to "go blind," that is, to lack the terminal shoot. Harvesting is made a little difficult by the short-stemmed bunches, the berries of which are so close to the wood that the crop is hard to pick. The plants are so vigorous and so luxuriant in foliage that they might well be planted as ornamentals. This variety seems to have originated in Italy and was introduced into France about 1840, and because of the extraordinary size of the fruit was named Cherry. It was introduced into Flushing, New York, by Dr. William W. Valk in 1846. Cherry was added to the recommended fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1862.
Plants medium to large, vigorous, upright when young becoming more spreading with age, dense, usually productive, healthy; young shoots few, very stocky, with a tendency to imperfect buds at or near the ends of the shoots especially on bearing plants; leaf-buds rather small, short, pointed, lean, appressed, glabrous; leaves deeply cordate at the base, with obtuse lobes, medium in* thickness and color, dull, rugose, with crenate margins; petiole medium in length and thickness, pubescent, greenish. Flowers early, in medium to long, drooping, rather few-flowered racemes; calyx-tube green mingled with red, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes overlapping, pale green with slight red; ring well developed, fleshy, distinctly brownish. Fruit early; clusters small, short, loose, with 10-13 berries, drooping; cluster-stems short making the fruit difficult to pick, thick; berry-stems medium to rather long, slender; berries cling well only for a comparatively short time, very large, not very uniform, round, bright but dark red; skin thin, smooth, tough, translucent; flesh very juicy, firm, acid or mildly subacid, pleasantly flavored; quality good.

Chiswick Red. 1. Wright Fr. Gr. Guide 3:157. 1892. 2. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 62:232. 1917.
Origin unknown. Plants vigorous, upright, productive; bunches medium in size; berries small, pale red, acid; early.

Climax White. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:14. 1907.
Originated by William Saunders, Ottawa, Canada. Plants vigorous, upright, productive; bunches medium, one-half filled; berries medium to large, pale yellow; briskly subacid; good; midseason.

Comet. 1. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 20:137, fig. 26. 1896. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt. 82. 1904-05. 3. Rural N. Y. 64:650. 1905.
Comet originated on one of the Channel Islands, probably Guernsey, and was introduced about 1896. It was brought to the United States about 1900. The variety has been thought by some writers to be identical with Versailles, and by others, identical with Fay. Plant a strong grower with thick, leathery, dark green foliage; bunches large, compact, with long stems; berries large, bright, deep red, seedy; of good quality.

Connecticut Sweet. 1. Country Gent. 21:305. 1863.
Found many years ago in an old garden in Bethany, Connecticut. Berries large; flesh melting, juicy, sweet; early.

Cumberland Red. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:11. 1907. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 287. 1921.
Originated by C. L. Stevens, Orillia, Ontario. Plants vigorous, spreading, productive; bunches medium in size and length; berries medium in size, bright scarlet, acid; fair; midseason.

Cut-leaved. 1. Gard. Chron. N. S. 5:528. 1876.
Plants slender, spreading, unproductive; bunches medium in size; berries small, pale red; poor; cultivated only as an ornamental.

Dana White. 1. Country Gent. 22:255. 1863.
This variety originated in Massachusetts nearly three-quarters of a century ago. It is supposed to be a seedling of White Grape. Plants vigorous and stocky; fruit large and of good quality, resembling White Grape in all characters.

De la Rochepoze. 1. Guide Prat. 23. 1895. 2. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:11. 1907. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:354. 1923.
Originated in France about 60 years ago. * Plants upright, vigorous, unproductive; bunches medium to long, half-filled; berries of medium size, pale pinkish white; very acid; quality poor.

Diploma. 1. U. S. D. A. Yearbook 378, PI. 32. 1909. 2. N. Y. Sta. Bul. 364:192. 1913. 3. CardBush-Fr. 305, PI. XL 1917. 4. Ohio Sta* Bui. 371:331,37$. 1923-

Long grown very commonly in New York, Diploma is now becoming a favorite in other currant regions as well. The berries are as large as those of the Cherry, considered to bear the largest fruits of any currant, globular, bright rich crimson, and so transparent that the seeds show plainly. The flesh is tender, abundantly juicy, slightly subacid; the quality is good to very good. The variety may be distinguished by its transparent skin and flesh. The fruits are so juicy that they are especially desirable for jellies; for the same reason the crop must be picked and handled with care. The plants are satisfactory in every character. Diploma was originated by Jacob Moore, Attica, New York, in 1885, as a seedling of Cherry crossed with White Grape. Charles A. Green, Rochester, New York, secured control of the stock and introduced it in 1906.
Plants medium to large, vigorous, upright later becoming quite spreading, not very dense, productive, healthy; young shoots numerous, stocky, rather brittle, reddish brown, somewhat glossy; leaf-buds large, pointed, plump, pubescent, free; leaves subcordate to truncate at the base, with obtuse lobes, medium in thickness, size, and color, dull, rugose, glabrous, with crenate margins; petiole medium in length and thickness, greenish, pubescent. Flowers midseason, in rather dense, drooping, few- to medium-flowered racemes; calyx-tube greenish, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes obtuse, separated, glabrous, pale green tinged brown beneath; petals much contracted at the base; ring well developed, fleshy; ovary glabrous. Fruit midseason, period of ripening short; clusters medium in length, filled poorly at the tips, loose, with rather few berries to the cluster; cluster-stems average long and slender but variable; berry-stems medium to long; berries large, round, bright but light red which changes but slowly after picking; skin smooth, thin, tender, very transparent, the segments, veins and seeds unusually distinct; flesh semi-transparent, tender, very juicy, sprightly subacid becoming mild; quality good to very good.

Dr. Brete. 1. Am. Agric. 28:458, fig. 1869.
Originated in France many years ago and imported to America about 1865 by a William S. Carpenter. Plants very productive; bunches long, bearing fruit of largest size and excellent quality.

Early Scarlet. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:11. 1907.
Originated by William Saunders, Ottawa, Canada. Plants moderately vigorous, not very productive; bunches medium in length; berries medium in size, red, mild, but pleasantly acid; good; early.

Eclipse. 1. N. Y. Sta. Bul. 95:419, PI. 1, fig. 2. 1895.
This variety was received for testing at this Station from H. S. Anderson, Union Springs, New York, in 1892. The plants proved to be vigorous, upright, productive; bunches large; berries variable, small to large; skin thick, red; flesh tender, subacid; good; ripens unevenly.

Empire. 1. Rural N. Y. 57:123. 1898.
Origin unknown. Plants not hardy, productive; bunches small, with few fruits; berries large, dark red; good.

Everybody, 1. Lovett Cat. 8, fig. 1914.
Introduced about eleven years ago by J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, New Jersey. As grown at this Station the plants are moderately vigorous, productive; clusters variable, medium to short, well filled or with but few berries, which are large, dark red, subacid and good in quality; midseason.

Eyatt Nova. 1. Can. Cent Exp. Farm Bul. 56:14. 1907.
Of ancient origin. Plants moderately vigorous, upright, moderately productive; bunches large, long, well filled; berries large, pale yellowish white, acid; fair; midseason.

Fay. 1. Cult. et Count. Gent 45:440, 470. 1880. 2. N. Y. Sta. Bul. 95:419, fig. 4. 1895. 3. Ohio Sta. Bui 371:331, 367. 1923. Fay's Prolific. 4. Rural N. Y. 42:520. 1883.
Somewhat similar to Cherry and Diploma, just described, Fay is probably a better sort the state over than either of these two, and by many is rated as the best of all the large-fruited currants. Both the clusters and berries are very large and very uniform, making the product very attractive. The cluster-stems are long, and therefore harvesting is easy. The berries are of darker red, as the color plate shows, than many other of the red currants, are sprightly, juicy, and thin-skinned, so that the fruits of this sort are about the best of all for canning and jellies. The plants are not large, and the yield is not so heavy as with some other varieties, so that unproductiveness is the chief defect. In some localities the plants are subject to more of the ills of the currant than other standard varieties. Yet, with these defects it is and probably will long remain one of the leading commercial currants. Fay is a seedling produced about 1868 by Lincoln Fay, Portland, New York. It is thought to be a cross between Victoria and Cherry. The variety was introduced by George S. Josselyn, Fredonia, New York, in 1880. The American Pomo-logical Society added the sort to its list of recommended fruits in 1883 under the name Fay's Prolific but in 1889 the name was shortened to Fay.
Plants of medium size and productiveness, susceptible to anthracnose, vigorous, sprawling in habit; young shoots numerous, stocky, break easily; leaf-buds small, short, pointed, lean, slightly pubescent, appressed; leaves rather large, cordate at the base, with broadly obtuse lobes, thick, dull, rugose, glabrous, with crenate margins; petiole of medium length, thick, greenish, pubescent. Flowers early, open before the leaves are well out, in long, loose, drooping clusters; calyx-tube greenish brown, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes obtuse, thin, greenish yellow; ring very distinct, fleshy, red or brownish red; ovary glabrous. Fruit early midseason; clusters large, medium to long, loose, with 12-15 berries, drooping; cluster-stems variable in length averaging long* berry-stems medium to long; berries cling well, large, smaller at the ends of the clusters, roundish, glossy, dark red; skin smooth, thin, tough, translucent; flesh firm, juicy,, very sprightly becoming pleasantly subacid; quality very good.

Filler. 1. Rural N. Y. 57:514. 1898. 2. Mich. Sta. Bul. 206:59. 1903. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:332, 368. 1923.
Introduced in the Hudson River Valley some years ago, Filler is now long past the probationary period, and has found favor only in the neighborhood of its introduction, and even there is now being grown less than formerly. The plants are not productive, and the fruits are neither attractive in appearance nor high in quality. The plants sprawl on the ground with great detriment to the currants and to the vexation of the cultivator. Perhaps the variety fails because of its being unmanageable in the plantation more than for any other reason. Filler originated in the garden of George Filler, Milton, New York, about 1892.
Plants dwarfish, medium in vigor, upright-spreading becoming drooping with age, variable in yield, healthy; young shoots medium in number; leaf-buds small, short, pointed, nearly glabrous, appressed; leaves small to medium, cordate at the base, with obtuse lobes, rugose, glabrous, with crenate margins; petiole variable in length and thickness, very slightly pubescent. Flowers midseason, above medium in size, in few-flowered, drooping racemes, variable in compactness; calyx-tube greenish, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes separated or occasionally overlapping, obtuse, pale green with few red streaks; ring greenish, well developed; ovary glabrous. Fruit midseason; clusters medium in length, compact, 11-17 berries, drooping; cluster-stems of average length and thickness; berry-stems long, slender; berries cling well, roundish or somewhat oblate, medium to large, variable in size, glossy, dark red; skin smooth, thin, tender, translucent; flesh firm, moderately juicy, sprightly; quality good.

Franco-German. 1. III. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 158. 1898. 2. Roesch Cat. 8. 1898.
It is said by the introducer, Lewis Roesch, Fredonia, New York, that this variety was originated by Lincoln Fay, Portland, New York, from seed of Fay, about 1871. Mr. Fay stated that he gave his seedling the name it bears because it originated during the Franco-German war. Some writers are of the opinion that the variety is identical with Holland. On the grounds of this Station, however, the plants have proved identical with Prince Albert as other horticulturists have also discovered.

Giant Red, 1. Crawford Cat. 1913. 2. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 128. 1913.
Originated from seed by E. P. Powell, Clinton, New York, and introduced in 1912 by the M. Crawford Company, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. As grown at this Station the plants are moderately vigorous, upright-spreading, dwarfish, productive; clusters short, well filled; berries large, glossy red, with juicy flesh, sprightly subacid; good; midseason.

Gloire de Sablons. 1. Mag. Hort. 24:375. 1858. 2. N. Y. Sta. Bul. 95:419. 1895. This is an inferior variety of the common red currant. As grown at this Station the plants are upright, vigorous, moderately productive; bunches short, small; berries small, white, striped with red, acid; poor.

Gloucester Red. 1. Tilton Jour. Hort. 9:188. 1871.
Plants low, stocky; bunches short; berries large, dark red, mild subacid; good.

Goegginger Pear-shaped Red. 1. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 37:36. 1905. Red Pear-shaped. 2. Rural N. Y. 44:365. 1885. Goeggingers Pyrifortn. 3. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 62:232. 1917.
This cultivated form of a wild pear-shaped currant found in western Russia was raised by Heinrich Goegginger, a market gardener in Riga, Russia, about 1875. In the wild state there are both red and white forms of these currants. Plants moderately vigorous; foliage thick, peculiarly net-veined, deeply lobed; berries of medium size, pear-shaped, attractive red, suitable for table decorations besides being worthy of note for dessert and preserving.

Gondouin Red. 1. Mag. Hort. 17:62. 1851, 2. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 62:232. 1917.

Red Provence. 3. Horticulturist 2:266. 1847-48.

This variety was originated by M. Gondouin, St. Cloud, Prance, nearly a century ago. Both this and the white-fruited variety have frequently been designated as forming two distinct groups of currants from which cultivated sorts have arisen. The variety has also been confused with Victoria. From 1862 until 1871 the variety was included in the American Pomological Society's recommended fruit list. Plants very vigorous, upright, young shoots reddish; bunches medium in size; berries large, bright red; late.

Gondouin White. 1. Mag. Hort. 21:444. 1855. White Gondouin. 2. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:14. 1907.
This variety originated in France many years ago and is closely allied to the red-fruited sort of the same name. It was cataloged in the recommended list of the American Pomological Society from 1862 to 1871 and again from 1897 to date. Plants vigorous, upright, not always productive; bunches of medium length, only partly filled; berries small to medium, yellowish, briskly subacid; good; midseason.

Greenfield. 1. Can. Hort. 14:179. 1891.
Originated at Ottawa, Ontario, by Samuel Greenfield, about 40 years ago. Plants vigorous, spreading, productive; bunches medium, well filled; berries above medium in size, bright red, pleasantly acid; good; midseason.

Hative de Bertin. 1. Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom. 216. 1907. La Hative. 2. Horticulturist 10:69. 1855.
This variety originated with M. Bertin, Versailles, France, about 1825. It was included in the American Pomological Society's list of recommended fruits from 1869 to 1871. Plants productive; bunches well filled; berries large, deep red, transparent, very sweet; good; early.

Holland. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 18. 1897. 2. Card Bush-Fr. 307. 1917. Groseille de Hollande. 3. Pom. France 8:No. 4, PI. 4. 1873. Long Bunch Holland. 4. Cult. et Count. Gent. 42:444. 1877. 5. Ohio Sta. Bul. 37i:339,39i- 1923-
The origin of this variety is unknown. There seems to be little doubt, however, but that it is a very old European currant. It has been known by many names most of which have been directly connected with some characteristic of fruit-clusters or berries. As grown at this Station the variety is very similar or identical with Prince Albert so that a further description is unnecessary.

Indiana. 1. Card Bush-Fr. 307. 1917. 2. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:355. 1923.
This variety originated on the farm of J. E. Shideler, Fairview Park, Indianapolis, Indiana, between 1890 and 1900. It was introduced about 1901 but was never widely disseminated and has long since been dropped from cultivation, giving way to Pomona, a variety which it closely resembles.

Knight Early Red. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 204. 1845.
A red currant raised long ago by Thomas Andrew Knight, Downton Castle, Wiltshire, England. Its chief merit seems to be earliness.

Knight Improved. 1. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 33, 58. 1897.
Origin unknown. Mentioned frequently in the Iowa Horticultural Society Report for 1897 as a very vigorous, productive currant bearing fruit of largest size and good quality. The variety has often been confused with Pomona, which it closely resembles.

Knight Large Red. 1. Card. Chron. 857. 1842. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 94. 1862.
Raised by Thomas Andrew Knight early in the nineteenth century. In 1862 the American Pomological Society placed it in the list of recommended fruits, but dropped it in 1897. Plants vigorous, productive; bunches large; berries large, bright red.

Knight Sweet Red, 1. Gard. Chron. 817. 1841. 2. Puller Sm. Fr. Cult. 207. 1867. 3. Bunyard Cat. 24. 1921.
Another of Thomas Andrew Knight's seedlings raised early in the nineteenth century. Being less acid than most sorts, it is a pleasant dessert fruit. Plants upright, vigorous, moderately productive, with dark green, thick and coarsely serrate foliage; bunches long, tapering; berries large, very dark red, subacid, with trace of sweetness; good.

La Caucasse. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 236. 1859. 2. Horticulturist 18:290. 1862.
Probably originated in France three-quarters of a century ago. Some pomologists consider it identical with Versailles. Plants vigorous, upright, productive; bunches very long; berries large, red, sprightly, becoming mildly acid; good.

La Conde. 1. Can. Cent Exp. Farm Bul. 56:12. 1907.
A strong, moderately spreading grower; fairly productive; bunches of medium size, well filled; berries medium to large, bright scarlet, acid; fair.

La Constante. 1. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 62:232. 1917.
Origin unknown. Although similar to Ruby, this variety is considered distinct by E. A. Bunyard, Maidstone, England, and is rated as one of the latest and best of the red currants. Plants vigorous, very upright; bunches moderately long; berries bright red; very late.

Lace-leaved. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 319. 1884.
Similar if not identical to Knight Large Red. Bunches long, produced in large clusters; berries large, red, smaller than Red Dutch.

Lakewood. 1. Mich. Sta. Bui 67:19. 1890.
Supposed to have originated in Ohio prior to 1890. Plants vigorous, variable in productiveness; bunches variable in length, usually compact; berries large; fair in quality; type of Cherry.

Lancaster. 1. Mich. Sta. Bui 177:28. 1899.
Mentioned as a white currant of good quality but only moderately productive. 19

Large White. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 405. 1898.
Plants vigorous, productive; bunches long, well filled; fruit large, yellowish white, sweet; good; midseason.

Large White Brandenburg. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:14. 1907.
Plants of medium vigor, upright-spreading, moderately productive; bunches long, usually only half filled; berries above medium to large, yellow, briskly subacid, with a pleasant flavor; good; early.

Late Victoria. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 288. 1921.
Introduced by Gill Brothers Seed Company, Portland, Oregon. It is described as having large, long bunches of red fruit.

London Market. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom, Rpt 395. 1891. 2. Rural N. Y. 56:327. 1897. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:338, 386. 1923.
Short-bunched Red. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 491. 1869. London Red. 5. Mich. Sta. Bul. 129:15. 1896. Scotch. 6. Bunyard Cat. 23. 1915-16.
Of little importance in New York and the East, London Market is considered a very good red currant in parts of the Middle West. It seems to withstand hot, dry weather rather better than most other sorts, and the plants are resistant to currant borers and currant diseases. It is said to be the most resistant of all red currants to the pine blister-rust. At this Station, however, the foliage is very susceptible to currant aphis. This variety probably originated in England many years ago and is possibly identical with Scotch mentioned by English writers. It was imported to the United States more than seventy years ago and has been grown under various names. There seems to be no doubt but that London Red and Short-bunched Red are identical with this variety. In 1897 the variety was added to the recommended fruit list of the American Pomological Society.
Plants large, vigorous, upright, holding their foliage well, dense, fairly productive, quite resistant to insects and disease, especially to the white pine blister-rust; young shoots very numerous, slender; leaf-buds small, short, pointed, lean, lightly pubescent, usually appressed; leaves medium in size and color, subcordate to cordate at the base, with very shallow, obtuse lobes, thin, rugose, glabrous, with crenate margins; petiole medium in length, slender, pubescent, greenish. Flowers midseason, in loose, somewhat erect, short racemes; calyx-tube greenish, broadly campanulate, glabrous; calyx-lobes obtuse, greenish, with fine, reddish stripes; ring lacking or very indistinct; anther-cells closely joined; ovary glabrous. Fruit late midseason, hangs a long time; clusters nearly long, medium compact, the tips well filled, 12-20 berries, held out rather stiffly; cluster-stems medium in length and thickness; berry-stems slender; berries above medium to medium in size, average round-oblate but variable, glossy dark red; skin smooth, thin, tough, translucent; flesh firm, juicy, sprightly; quality good.

Marvin Crystal. 1. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:357. 1923. Marvin's Seedling. 2, N. Y. Sta. Bul. 95:427. 1895.
This variety was received at the New York Experiment Station for testing in 1892 from D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York. Later Mr. Marvin sold the variety to J. C. Vaughan et Company, Chicago, Illinois, who renamed and introduced it. Plants upright, moderately vigorous; bunches moderately long; berries large, white,, mildly acid; good.

Moore Early. 1. Bunyard Cat. 26. 1923. Moore Seedling, 2. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 36:12. 1907. 3. Ohio Sta. But. 371:357. 1923.
Originated by Jacob Moore, Attica, New York, about 40 years ago probably as a cross between Cherry and White Grape. Plants vigorous, upright, productive; bunches well filled, of medium length; berries large, bright scarlet, pleasantly acid; good; midseason.

New Victoria. 1. Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt. 19, fig. 1900.
Origin unknown. Plants vigorous, upright-spreading, hardy, moderately productive; bunches long, loose; berries small to medium, red; pleasantly flavored; midseason.

Newark. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 288. 1921.
Introduced by C. W. Stuart et Company, Newark, New York. Plants vigorous, productive; bunches long; berries above medium in size, red, subacid.

North Star. 1. N. Y. Sta. Bul. 95:421, PI. II, fig. 7. 1895. 2. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 62:217. 1917.
An accidental seedling which originated in Springfield, Massachusetts, shortly before 1865. The variety was sold to the Jewell Nursery Company, Lake City, Minnesota, who introduced it. In 1899 the American Pomological Society placed it in the list of recommended fruits. As grown at this Station the plants are vigorous, upright, slightly spreading, productive; bunches medium in length; berries variable, large and small, bright scarlet, mildly acid; fair; midseason.

October Red. 1. Country Gent. 77:14. 1912. 2. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:357. 1923.
Originated by E. P. Powell, Clinton, New York, early in the present century. It is an attractive red currant which received its name because of its lateness in ripening.

Pack. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 288. 1921.
Introduced recently by the Utah Nursery Company, Salt Lake City, Utah. It is said to be " an improvement upon Pay, which it resembles; more prolific, however; very large, better flavor. Fruit does not fall off as in other varieties."

Palmer Large Red. 1. Horticulturist 9:161. 1854.
Extensively cultivated in certain localities in England. Plants vigorous, productive; bunches long; berries large, red; good.

Panshanger Late. 1. Staward Pract. Hdy. Fr. Cult. 79, PL 1920.
Originated a few years ago by Richard Staward of England. Plants vigorous, productive; fruit large, in well-filled bunches, red; good; late.

Perfection, 1. U. S. D. A. Yearbook 404, PL 54. 1904. 2. N. Y. Sta. Bul. 364:192. 1913. 3. Ohio Sta. BuL 371:342, 371. 1923.
Of the several new currants, perhaps Perfection is receiving more notice in New York than any other. It is credited with being a splendid sort in parts of the Northwest as well. The characters which commend it are vigor, hardiness, healthfulness, and productiveness of plant. The clusters are large, uniform, and borne on a long stem so that picking is easy. The berries are large, uniform, bright clear red, and are as pleasing in flavor as those of any other variety and superior to those of most other currants. The fruit is borne on the old wood in a manner peculiar to this sort alone. In Canada it is found to be one of the hardiest of all currants. The canes have the fault of breaking rather easily. The fruits scald considerably in hot weather if not picked as soon as ripe. This variety was originated in 1887 by C. G. Hooker, Rochester, New York, as a cross between Fay and White Grape. Its commercial introduction dates from 1902 and in 1909 the sort was placed in the American Pomological Society's fruit list.
Plants seldom large, vigorous, upright-spreading, not very dense, healthy, productive to very productive; young shoots few, smoother than Wilder, duller and with less red than Cherry, break rather easily; leaf-buds short and plump, small to medium, variable in length and shape, nearly glabrous, appressed; leaves medium in size, subcordate at the base, with obtuse lobes, the terminal lobe very large, dull, rugose, glabrous, with crenate margins; petiole green with tinge of red, pubescent. Flowers early, large, in long, loose, drooping racemes; calyx-tube greenish, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes obtuse, thin, glabrous, yellowish green, with trace of red; stamens with a broad connective between the anther-cells; ring well developed, fleshy, greenish; ovary glabrous. Fruit early midseason, easily picked, ships well; clusters long to very long, compact, cylindrical, slightly tapering, with well-filled tips, 15-25 berries, drooping; cluster-stems very long, slender to medium; berry-stems long, medium in thickness; berries uniformly large, cling well, roundish or slightly oblate, bright handsome medium to dark red; skin smooth, thin but tough; flesh juicy, tender, sprightly subacid becoming mild when fully ripe; pleasantly flavored; quality very good.

Pitmaston Sweet Red, 1. Horticulturist 9:162. 1854. 2. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:357. 1923.
Raised by John Williams, Pitmaston, near Worcester, England. Bunches short; berries small, red; very sweet; not unlike Knight Sweet Red.

Pomona. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 28. 1909. 2, Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:343, 375. 1923.
About 1873, George W. Blue found in a garden, near Fairview Park, Indianapolis, Indiana, a variety which was then being grown as Knight Sweet Red but which he found to be distinct. He named it Pomona after the name of his home farm. The variety was introduced in 1896 by Albertson et Hobbs, Bridgeport, Indiana. In 1909 the American Pomological Society added Pomona to its list of recommended fruits. Plants moderately large, vigorous, spreading, productive; bunches long, well filled; berries of medium size, bright red, juicy, mildly acid; good; midseason.

Prince Albert. 1. Horticulturist 9:9, 10, fig. 2. 1854. 2. Bunyard Cat. 23. 1915-16.
3. Ohio Sta. Bui 371:344, 393. 1923. Rouge de Hollande. 4. Ann. Pom. Beige 3:82. 1855. Holldndische Korallenbeere. 5. Dochnahl Fuhr. Obstkunde 4:188. 1860. Rothe von Verriere. 6. Lucas-Oberdieck III. Handb. Obst. 7:271. 1875. Rivers Late Red. 7. Rivers Cat. 19. 1898-99.

Prince Coral. 1, Rural N.Y. 10:255. 1859.
Of American origin. Introduced by William R. Prince et Company, Flushing, New York, about 1860. It is a very productive soft bearing large attractive red fruit of excellent quality.

Purity. 1. Rural AT. Y. 57=123. 1898.
Introduced by John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, New York. Plants low growing and sprawling; fruit yellowish white; not equal to the White Transparent either in quality or productiveness.

Rankins Red. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:13. 1907.
Origin unknown. Plants vigorous, upright, very productive; bunches long, well filled; berries medium in size, bright scarlet, acid; fair; midseason.

Red Cross. 1. Am. Gard. 17:4,441, fig. 6. 1896. 2. Can. Hort. 19:226, 282. 1896. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:344, 378. 1923.
Some years ago Red Cross was much grown in the Hudson River Valley where it was esteemed for its large bunches arid large fruits. In recent years, however, it has been found that it is excelled by several other of the large-fruited sorts and is now passing out of cultivation. Perhaps the chief drawback to its culture is that the fruits crack very readily.
To offset this fault they hang on the bushes well and are easily picked. The berries are very mild in flavor and do not make a good jelly, for which purpose currants are so commonly used. In many localities the bunches run small. This variety originated as a cross between Cherry and White Grape by Jacob Moore, Attica, New York, in 1885, and first fruited about 1889. The American Pomological Society added Red Cross to its fruit catalog list in 1899.
Plants large, vigorous, upright-spreading, dense, productive, healthy; young shoots numerous; leaf-buds large, medium long, pointed, rather plump, pubescent, free; leaves of medium size, deeply cordate at the base, with shallow, obtuse lobes, medium in thickness and color, dull, rugose, glabrous, with slightly hairy, crenate margins; petiole medium in length and thickness, green, with slight tinge of red, pubescent. Flowers midseason, in long, drooping racemes variable in compactness; calyx-tube pale green, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes obtuse, widely separated, pale green; ring fleshy, well defined; ovary glabrous. Fruit midseason, hangs on the bushes well, easy to pick; clusters short to above medium, the tips poorly filled, loose; cluster-stems long, slender to medium; berry-stems long; berries medium to large, round, glossy, bright light red; skin smooth, thin, tender, cracks under unfavorable conditions, translucent; flesh juicy, sprightly becoming mildly flavored when fully ripe; quality good.

Red Dutch. 1. Langley Pomona 124. 1729. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 203. 1845. 3. Gard. Chron. N. S. 5:527. 1876. 4. Ohio Sta. But. 371:345, 373, fig. 1923. Groseillier a Gros Fruit Rouge. 5. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:266. 1768. Fertile de Palnau. 6. Horticulturist 7:425. 1852. HoUandische Rote. 7. Lucas-Oberdieck III. Handb. Obst. 7:268. 1875.
This old sort is now mainly of historical importance only, although it is to be found in almost countless numbers in the gardens of the country. It is little grown in New York or other parts of the East in commercial plantations, but is still somewhat largely grown in the Middle West. The plants are nearly faultless, but the currants are small and ripen ununiformly, to offset which they are of the very best quality. While there are many synonyms, the true Red Dutch is easily identified from the description which follows. This is one of the oldest if not the oldest cultivated currant known. The name has appeared in print for more than two centuries, but no one can be quite certain that the Red Dutch grown today is the Red Dutch of two centuries ago. It is somewhat difficult, also, to connect HoUandische Rote of continental Europe with the Red Dutch now grown in England and America. The currant, long grown in America under the name Fertile de Palnau, is probably Red Dutch. The two have proved identical at this Station as well as in many other localities here and abroad. Red Dutch was added to the American Pomological Society's list of recommended fruits in 1852.
Plants large, vigorous, upright, dense, productive to very productive, healthy; young shoots very numerous, comparatively slender; leaf-buds small, pointed, lean, nearly glabrous, appressed; leaves medium in size, length, and thickness, subcordate to almost truncate at the base, with short-pointed lobes, dull, dark green, glabrous, rugose, with crenate margins; petiole medium in length and thickness, greenish, pubescent. Flowers early, in fairly long, moderately loose, drooping, many-flowered racemes; calyx-tube greenish, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes obtuse, separate, pale yellowish green; ring fleshy, rather inconspicuous; ovary glabrous. Fruit early midseason; clusters long, slender, 10-18 berries, with well-filled tips, very loose; cluster-stems long, slender; berry-stems rather short, slender; berries cling well, variable in size, average medium to small, round, bright glossy red; skin smooth, medium in thickness, tender, translucent; flesh juicy, firm, very sprightly; quality of the best.

Red Grape. 1. Horticulturist 9:11. 1854.
Introduced early in the nineteenth century. Similar to Red Dutch but more acid and plants not quite so upright. Fruit large; branches very long, clear red; productive. Listed by the American Pomological Society in its recommended list of fruits in 1862; the name still appears in the Society's catalog.

Redpath Ruby. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:13. 1907.
Plants moderately vigorous; fruit medium to large, scarlet, acid; good.

Ringens. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:13. 1907.
Plants moderately vigorous, spreading, unproductive; bunches long, well filled; berries large, pale scarlet, pleasantly acid; good; late.

Rivers. 1. U. S. D. A. Farmers' Bui 1024:31. 1919. Rivers' Late Red. 2. Rivers Cat. 19. 1898-99.
Originated in England about thirty-five years ago. Plants vigorous, upright; bunches large; berries large, red; good; late.

Rouge de Boulogne. 1. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 62:217. 1917.
This variety originated in France more than half a century ago. As grown in England it resembles Versailles closely, though inferior in most characters.

Ruby. x. Gard. Mon. 24:18. 1882. 2. Card Bush-Fr. 385. 1898. Moore Ruby. 3. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:12. 1907.
Originated by Jacob Moore, Attica, New York, and introduced about 1895. As grown at this Station the plants are dwarfish, upright, moderately vigorous and productive; bunches short; berries of medium size, round, dark red, with firm flesh, juicy, sprightly; good; early.

St. Gilles. ! Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 26. 1899. Belle de St. Gilles. 2. Rural N. Y. 10:255. 1859-
Of European origin. Plants upright-spreading, vigorous, hardy, unproductive; bunches large, compact; berries large, red, subacid; good; midseason. Placed in the American Pomological Society's list of recommended fruits in 1899.

Scarlet Gem. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 206:60. 1903. Scarlet. 2. Kenrick Am. Orch. 287. 1841.
Plants dwarf, coarse, and sparsely covered with foliage; bunches long, well filled with small, subacid, pleasantly flavored fruits.

Seedless Red. 1. Rural N. Y. 10:255. 1859. 2. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 62:232. 1917.
This variety was found many years ago by Herrn Petzold, Hessen, Germany. Usually the seeds do not form so that only the soft unfertilized ovules remain. Plants dwarfish, unproductive; bunches long; berries large, dark red, glossy, seedless or nearly so; fair; midseason.

Select 1. Mich. Sia. Bui 118:20. 1895.
A red currant of the Cherry type; somewhat lacking in vigor and productiveness; clusters compact; berries large; quality fair. Silver Mine. 1. Card Bush-Fr. 309. 1917.
Introduced by the Gardner Nursery Company, Osage, Iowa. Described " as prolific, large, red, of fine flavor, holding its leaves and fruit very late."

Simcoe King. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Rpt. 82. 1899. 2. Can. Cent. Exp. Farms Bul. 56: 13. 1907.
Similar to Red Grape. Plants of moderate vigor, upright, productive; bunches medium in size, only half filled; berries large, bright to pale scarlet, acid; good; midseason.

Skinner Early. 1. Bunyard Cat. 23. 1915-16.
An English currant, esteemed in Kent for market, and named after a local grower, although it may quite possibly be an old sort renamed. Plants vigorous, upright, productive; bunches long; berries of medium size, bright red; good; earliest of all.

Southwell Red. 1. Garden 84:557, fig. 1920.
Presumably a variety of comparatively recent English origin. Described as one of the most productive of English currants, blooming late, thereby escaping spring frosts and producing a crop when many sorts fail. Besides these favorable attributes its fine appearance makes it popular with English growers for market. Fruit very large, uniform in size, bright glossy red; good; late.

Stevens Superb. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt. 80. 1904-05.
This variety originated with Abel F. Stevens, Wellesley, Massachusetts, who considered it one of the best seedlings he had grown. Plants very vigorous and productive; bunches long, shouldered; berries very large, crimson, attractive; Very good. Stewart. 1. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt 93. 1876.
Originated in Minnesota. Plants upright, vigorous, hardy, productive: bunches large, long; berries large, red, mildly acid; good; midseason; hangs well after ripening.

Utrecht. 1. Bunyard Cat 23. 1915-16.
The name of this variety would indicate that it originated in Utrecht, Holland. Plants vigorous, upright; bunches medium in size; berries medium, dark red; good; midseason.

Versailles. 1. Ohio Sta. Bui 37*:337] 372. 1923. La Versaillaise. 2. Mag. Hort. 24:374. 1858. Magnum Bonum. 3. Rural N. Y. 10:255. I^59- Versaillaise. 4. Ibid. 11:247, fig. 1860. S+ Card. Chron. 3d Ser. 62:217, fig. 83. 1917.
At one time about the best of the currants grown in New York and the East, Versailles has now given way to newer and better currants. The plants lack in productiveness and the clusters are not large enough or uniform enough to suit the demands of present markets. There is much confusion in the group of currants to which Versailles belongs, and it is very difficult to distinguish it from Cherry and other representatives of the same group. At this Station Versailles has a longer bunch, darker fruit, and less tendency to "-go blind/' that is, to lack the terminal bud, than Cherry. Versailles was originated by M. Bertin. Versailles, France, presumably from seed of Cherry, about 1835. The variety was brought to America nearly three-quarters of a century ago. In 1862 the American Pomological Society added it to its list of recommended fruits.
Plants vigorous, large, upright to spreading, healthy; young shoots numerous, with a tendency to " go blind "near the terminal, rather thick and somewhat brittle; leaf-buds medium in size and length, pointed, lean, glabrous, appressed; leaves medium to large, with obtuse lobes, deeply cordate at the base, medium in thickness and color, dull, rugose, glabrous, with crenate margins; petiole of average length and thickness, green, pubescent. Flowers early midseason, in long, few-flowered, loose, drooping clusters; calyx-tube green, with faint red, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes broadly obtuse, pale green, with very slight red; petals often notched; ring well developed, fleshy, greenish. Fruit early mid-season; clusters short to medium, loose, 10-16 berries, drooping; cluster-stems short to medium, slender; berry-stems medium to rather long, slender; berries variable in size, medium to large, found, dark red; skin smooth, thin, tough, translucent; flesh very juicy, subacid to sprightly; quality good.

Victoria. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 491. 1869. May's Victoria. 2. Card. Chron. 607. 1842. 3. Mag. Hort. 13:392, fig. 32. 1847. Houghton Castle. 4. Card. Chron. 717. 1847. S+ Tbid. 3rd Ser. 62:205. I9I7- Raby Castle. 6. Card. Chron. 619. 1847. 7. Ibid. 3rd Ser. 62:205. I9I7- Queen Victoria. 8, Gard. Chron. 812. 1860. Red Grape. 9. Horticulturist 21:273. 1866, Wilmofs Red Grape. 10. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 537. 1875-85. New Red Dutch. 11. Bunyard Cat. 22. 1915-16. ;
Were it not for the fact that the berries are small and ripen rather unevenly, Victoria would hold high rank among cultivated currants. The plants are exceedingly vigorous and productive, and the fruits are among the best in quality and possibly keep longer on the bushes than those of any other variety. The plants are rather more resistant to currant borers than those of other varieties, and are very free from most other insects and diseases as well; they are, however, susceptible to scalding in hot weather. In Canada it is found that Victoria is hardier than most other standard currants. The variety has the peculiarity of holding its foliage very late in the fall. More confusion exists in the identity of this currant than with almost any other sort. So many varieties have been sold under the various names appearing above that it is almost hopeless to straighten out the tangle. From various accounts it appears that the variety originated about 1800 on an estate knqwn as Houghton Castle, near Hexam, Northumberland, England, having been discovered by Robert Charlton, a nurseryman's apprentice. Charlton later sold the new currant under the name Houghton Castle.. About 1840, a Mr. May, Ripon, Yorkshire, England, advertised a currant under the name May's Victoria, which he had procured from gardens at Raby Castle, and which had been known there as Raby Castle. Later Mr. May identified his Victoria with Charlton's Houghton Castle and upon investigation found that the Houghton Castle had once been sent to Raby Castle, where it had been renamed. While Bunyard, in the reference given, is of the opinion that Raby Castle and Houghton Castle or Victoria are distinct, the writers believe that they are identical. In 1852 the American Pomological Society placed this variety in its list of recommended fruits under the name May's Victoria, but later shortened the name to Victoria.
Plants very large, very vigorous, upright, dense, productive to very productive, susceptible to anthracnose but resistant to most other diseases; young shoots very numerous, grayish brown; leaf-buds large, rather long, pointed, plump, very heavily pubescent, bluish gray, free; leaves slow in dropping in the fall, medium to large, subcordate to truncate at the base, with very obtuse lobes, medium in thickness, pale green, dull, rugose, glabrous, with crenate margins; petiole medium in length and thickness, green, pubescent. Flowers midseason, in rather dense, drooping racemes; calyx-tube greenish, broadly campanulate, glabrous; calyx-lobes very obtuse, widely separated, glabrous, striped and streaked with red; petals much contracted at the base; ring absent; anther-cells separated by a large connective; ovary glabrous. Fruit late midseason, hangs a long time; clusters short to medium, rilled to the tip, 10-20 berries, rather loose; cluster-stems short to medium, slender; berry-stems slender; berries small, medium in size, adhere a long time, roundish oblate, bright, glossy red; skin smooth, thin, tough, translucent; flesh juicy, firm, very sprightly; quality good.

Warner Red Grape. 1. Tilton Jour. Hort. 9:188. 1871. 2. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 62: 217. 1917.
Very similar to Chenonceau but with shorter bunches. A poor cropper of little merit.

Wentworth Leviathan. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bui 56:14. 1907.
A strong moderately spreading grower, rather unproductive; bunches of medium size, about two-thirds filled; berries varying from small to large, pale yellow, briskly subacid, with a pleasant flavor; good; midseason.

Wentworth Seedling. 1. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:14. 1907.
Plants moderately vigorous, spreading, unproductive; bunches of medium length, half filled; berries of medium size, bright scarlet, pleasantly acid; good; midseason.

Werder White. 1. Meehans* Mon. 6:97, fig. 1896.
Originated by William Kleim at Gotha, near Erfurt, Germany. It yields long bunches of large, attractive white fruit.

White Cherry. 1. Gard. Chron. 193. 1841. 2. Can. Cent. Exp. Farm Bul. 56:14. 1907.
A strong, upright, very productive grower, yielding medium-sized, well-filled bunches of berries which are large, pale yellow, acid and of fair quality; season early.

White Dutch. 1. Langly Pomona 124. 1729. 2. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 160. 1831. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 492. 1869. Groseillier a Gros Fruit Blanc. 4. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:266. 1768. White Chrystal. 5. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 160. 1831. Pearl White. 6. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 67. 1842. Blanche de Hollande. 7. Gard. Chron. 812. 1860. White Clinton. 8. Horticulturist 21:273. 1866. White Antwerp. 9. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 537. 1875-85.
This is the oldest of the named white currants, has several synonyms, and is badly confused with other white varieties. Careful reading of the following description, however, should enable anyone to identify it. The darker color of the fruit is possibly the best distinguishing mark. The fruits are very early and very sweet, other characters which help to identify it. The berries are of but medium size or small, and are not uniform in size, characters which will drive it from general cultivation in competition with larger-berried sorts. White Dutch is a very old, European variety, dating back more than two centuries. In the literature, however, there can be found no account of its origin or the history of its dissemination. White Dutch together with Red Dutch long ago were largely used in the improvement and development of varieties of currants. The variety was probably brought to America early in the nineteenth century and has since been grown in most currant plantations. In 1852 the American Pomological Society placed White Dutch in its list of fruits recommended for general cultivation.
Plants above medium in size, vigorous, upright, slightly spreading, dense, very productive, healthy; young shoots numerous; leaf-buds small, pointed, lean, nearly glabrous, appressed; leaves medium in size, subcordate to almost truncate at the base, with obtuse lobes, dark green, rugose, glabrous, with somewhat serrate margins; petiole medium in length and thickness, greenish, tinged red at the base, pubescent. Flowers midseason, in short, dense, drooping medium- to few-flowered racemes; calyx-tube greenish, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes broadly obtuse, separated, glabrous, pale green; ring lacking or very faint; ovary glabrous. Fruit early; clusters short, medium compact, tips poorly filled, 8-15 berries; cluster-stems medium in length and thickness; berry-stems short, slender; berries small to medium, not uniform, roundish oblate, yellowish white, a little darker than White Grape; skin smooth, thin, tender, translucent; flesh moderately juicy, mildly subacid, almost sweet; quality excellent; seeds large, medium in number.

White Grape. 1. Trans. N. Y. State Agr. Soc. 9:373. 1849. 2* Cultivator'$rd Ser. 5: 13, fig- 1857. 3. Gard. et For. 7:188. 1894. Imperial Yellow. 4. Horticulturist 21:273. 1866.
White Grape is distinguished from other varieties of its kind by having the largest cluster and berry of any. The currants are rather lighter in color than those of White Dutch, are sourer and not so richly flavored. Possibly this variety is the best of the white currants because of the vigor, productiveness, hardiness, and healthiness of the plant. The variety is an excellent one for both home and commercial plantations, although its spreading habit of growth, making it somewhat unmanageable, is somewhat against it. The slenderness of the canes help to identify the variety. No trace of the history of this sort is obtainable except that it is an old European variety long grown in America. There is also no clue as to when it was brought to this country, but the literature leads us to believe that it was much cultivated at least a hundred years ago. The nomenclature is in a bad state of confusion, and the variety has been often mixed with White Imperial and White Transparent. In 1852 the American Pomological Society added White Grape to its catalog list of recommended currants.
Plants of medium size and vigor, spreading, sometimes sprawling, dense, productive; young shoots numerous, rather slender; leaf-buds large, long, pointed, plump, pubescent, free; leaves subcordate to cordate at the base, with obtuse lobes, dark green, at first tinged with brown, dull, rugose, heavily pubescent beneath, with crenate margins; petiole medium in thickness and length, green, tinged with red. Flowers midseason, very small, very light green, in rather short, dense, drooping racemes; calyx-tube greenish, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes obtuse, very widely separated, broad, medium in length and thickness, glabrous; petals much contracted; ring greenish, fleshy; ovary glabrous. Fruit mid-season; clusters long, the tips poorly filled, loose, 8-16 berries; cluster-stems short; berry-stems slender, long; berries variable in size averaging large, round-ovate, clear translucent yellowish white, less creamy than is White Dutch; skin smooth, thin, tender; flesh firm, juicy, pleasantly subacid; quality good.

White Imperial. 1. Rural N. Y. 56:487. 1897. 2. Card Bush-Fr. 311. 1917. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:335, 382. 1923.
This variety may usually be told from other white currants by its darker color caused from the large dark colored seeds showing through flesh and skin. Its currants are usually rated as best in quality of all the white sorts. The rich, sweet flavor makes it a choice dessert fruit, although the currants are not quite as attractive in appearance as those of some other kinds. It is often confused with White Grape with which it has many characteristics in common. The origin of this variety is unknown but it has long been known in America and has repeatedly been confused with White Grape which it closely resembles except that the berries are much sweeter. Its rather wide dissemination was due to the high recommendation given it 30 years ago by the late S. D. Willard, Geneva, New York.
Plants above medium in size and vigor, broad, spreading, open, productive; young shoots numerous, slender; leaf-buds large, long, plump, pointed, pubescent, free; leaves large, thin, rugose, dark green, lightly bronzed at first, with coarsely crenate to serrate margins; petiole rather slender, green, lightly tinged with red. Flowers midseason, in short, dense, drooping racemes; calyx-tube greenish, saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes broadly obtuse, separated but slightly, glabrous; ring greenish, fleshy; ovary glabrous. Fruit midseason; clusters medium to long, the tips poorly filled, rather loose, 8-16 berries; cluster-stems rather long, medium in thickness; berry-stems slender, medium long; berries somewhat variable in size averaging medium to large, roundish, sometimes slightly ovate, creamy white, a shade darker than White Grape; skin smooth, thin, tender; flesh firm, juicy, pleasantly subacid to sweet; quality very good to best. White Pearl. 1. Mag. Hort. 17:217. 1851.
This variety was raised by Remi Wilquet, near Brussels, Belgium, more than half a century ago. Plants moderately vigorous, upright-spreading, unproductive; bunches large, well filled; berries large, pale yellow, briskly subacid; good; midseason.

White Provence. 1. Rural N. Y. 10:255. l859- Plants very vigorous, productive; leaves large, thick, considerably edged with white; bunches short; berries very large, yellowish white; good; not unlike White Grape except in foliage. White Transparent. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 94. 1862. 2. Horticulturist 21:273. 1866.
This is an old French sort said to be a seedling of White Grape with which it is always confused. It resembles that variety so closely that the two readily pass for one and a further description is unnecessary. The variety was listed in the American Pomological Society's fruit catalog from 1862 to 1871.

White Versailles. 1. Gard. Mon. 25:47. 1883. 2. N. Y. Sia. Bul. 95:428. 1895. 3. Bunyard Cat. 23. 1915-16.
Originated nearly half a century ago by M. Bertin, Versailles, France. Plants vigorous, upright; bunches long; berries large, slightly darker than White Grape, juicy; good.

White Wine. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 162. 1920.
Introduced by H. W. Buckbee, Rockford, Illinois. Plants hardy, vigorous, productive; clusters longer and fruit larger than White Grape, sweet and rich.

Wilder. 1. N. Y. Sia. Bul. 95:424. 1895. 2. Ohio Sta. Bul. 371:351, 380. 1923. President Wilder. 3. Rural N. Y. 56:487. 1897.
Probably Wilder is now the leading commercial currant in the Hudson River Valley and the Lake Erie grape belt where currants are most commonly grown for commercial purposes in New York. It is a seedling of Versailles which it greatly surpasses in vigor and productiveness and in the size and beauty of its fruits. The plants are very free from insects and diseases and are most satisfactory in all characters. The fruits sometimes lack uniformity in size of both berry and cluster, to offset which fault they have long stems, making picking easy, and hang longer after ripening than those of most other commercial varieties. Wilder is a seedling of Versailles and was originated by E. Y. Teas, Irvington, Indiana, about 1877. It was named President Wilder in honor of Marshall P. Wilder, noted horticulturist and former President of the American Pomological Society. This Society added this currant to its list of recommended fruits in 1897.
Plants large, vigorous, upright to slightly spreading, dense, usually free from anthrac-nose, productive to very productive; young shoots very numerous; leaf-buds very small, short, pointed, glabrous, free, lightly tinged with brown; leaves large, dark green, with light bluish tinge, thick, cordate at the base, with obtuse lobes, the notches between the lobes frequently right-angled, with coarsely toothed or slightly crenate margins; petiole medium in length and thickness, dark green, holding the leaves horizontally. Flowers early, in long, loose, drooping, many-flowered clusters; calyx-tube greenish, with traces of red, deep saucer-shaped, glabrous; calyx-lobes broadly obtuse, sharply reflexed at the apex giving a pentagonal effect, light green; petals entire or notched; stamens with a broad connective between the anther-cells; ring present, distinct, faintly colored at first becoming uncolored; ovary glabrous. Fruit late midseason to late, hangs a long time after ripening; clusters long, compact, the tips filled poorly; cluster-stems long, thick; berry-stems medium in length and thickness; berries variable in size averaging medium to large, roundish oblate, handsome, glossy, dark red; skin smooth, thin, tender, translucent; flesh firm, juicy, pleasantly subacid; quality good.

Wilmot Large White. 1. Card. Chron. N. S. 5:528. 1876. Wilmot's New White. 2. Mclntosh Bk. Card. 2:569. 1855.
Plants upright, productive, with large, flat, deeply cut leaves; bunches medium in size; berries large, white.